| | - stratopause
- (from the article "atmosphere") The stratopause caps the top of the stratosphere, separating it from the mesosphere near 45-50 km (28-31 miles) in altitude and a pressure of 1 millibar (approximately equal to 0.75 mm of mercury at 0 °C, or 0.03 inch of mercury at 32 °F). In the mesosphere, temperatures again decrease ...
- stratosphere
- layer of the Earth's atmosphere lying between the troposphere and the mesosphere. The lower portion of the stratosphere is nearly isothermal (a layer of constant temperature), whereas temperatures in its upper levels increase with altitude. The stratosphere extends from the tropopause at about 6 to 17 km (4 to 11 ... [14 Related Articles]
- Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy
- (from the article "Kuiper Airborne Observatory") ...of the planet Uranus, stars in the process of formation, and molecules in interstellar space and in planetary atmospheres. A more sophisticated airborne observatory, a modified Boeing 747 named the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) and developed by the United States and Germany, is scheduled to begin observations in ...
- stratovolcano
- (from the article "The most common volcano types of the world") Stratovolcanoes such as Mayon Volcano in the Philippines, Mount Momotombo in Nicaragua, and Ol Doinyo Lengai in Tanzania are steep cones built by both pyroclastic and lava-flow eruptions. The cone-shaped form slopes up gradually and becomes steeper (up to 35°) toward the summit, which generally contains a crater. Stratovolcanoes are ...
- Stratton, Charles
- American showman noted for his small stature. He was the first major attraction promoted by the American circus impresario P.T. Barnum. [2 Related Articles]
- Stratton, Dorothy Constance
- American educator, naval officer, and public official, who is best remembered as the planner and first director of the Coast Guard Women's Reserve. [1 Related Articles]
- Stratton, Monty
- (from the article "baseball") ...a rash of baseball biographies, including The Babe Ruth Story (1948), The Stratton Story (1949; featuring James Stewart as Chicago White Sox pitcher Monty Stratton, who rebuilt a minor league pitching career after having a leg amputated), and The Jackie Robinson ...
- Stratton, S. W.
- (from the article "analog computer") ...analog computers were special-purpose machines, as for example the tide predictor developed in 1873 by William Thomson (later known as Lord Kelvin). Along the same lines, A.A. Michelson and S.W. Stratton built in 1898 a harmonic analyzer (q.v.) having 80 components. Each of these was capable of generating a sinusoidal ...
- stratum
- (from the article "Grand Canyon") ...Park, which encompasses the river's length from Lake Powell (formed by Glen Canyon Dam in 1963) to Lake Mead (formed by Hoover Dam in 1936). In its general colour, the canyon is red, but each stratum or group of strata has a distinctive hue-buff and gray, delicate green and pink, ...
- stratum
- (from the article "statistics") Stratified simple random sampling is a variation of simple random sampling in which the population is partitioned into relatively homogeneous groups called strata and a simple random sample is selected from each stratum. The results from the strata are then aggregated to make inferences about the population. A side benefit ...
- stratum basale
- (from the article "reproductive system, human") ...and the outer or basal layer remains in position against the innermost layer of the myometrium. The three layers are called, respectively, the stratum compactum, the stratum spongiosum, and the stratum basale epidermidis. The stratum compactum is nearest to the uterine cavity and contains the lining cells and the necks ...
- stratum compactum
- (from the article "integument") The dermis is two-layered, having an outer and looser stratum spongiosum and an inner stratum compactum. Although some amphibians have external gills or internal lungs, for many the skin is a vital respiratory organ, and the dermis is richly supplied with blood vessels and lymph spaces. Chromatophores are located just ...
- stratum corneum
- (from the article "drug") ...such as sweat glands, sebaceous glands (which secrete an oily substance), hair, and nails. There also exists a subcutaneous layer beneath the dermis. The outermost layer of the epidermis, called the stratum corneum, consists principally of dead epithelial cells that are filled with the protein keratin, which waterproofs and toughens ...
- stratum germinativum
- (from the article "integument") The epidermis is the product of the deepest layer of its cells, those that lie immediately over the dermis. From this generative layer, known as the stratum germinativum, cells move outward and become progressively flattened. The surface cells of terrestrial vertebrates, mere remnants of once living cells, are scaly and ...
- stratum granulosum
- (from the article "integument") ...outward, and at first form part of the prickle cell layer (stratum spinosum), in which they are knit together by plaquelike structures called desmosomes. Next they move through a granular layer (stratum granulosum), in which they become laden with keratohyalin, a granular component of keratin. Finally the cells flatten, lose ...
- stratum granulosum
- (from the article "skin") The spinous layer is succeeded by the granular layer, or stratum granulosum, with granules of keratohyalin contained in the cells. These small particles are of irregular shape and occur in random rows or lattices. The cells of the outer spinous and granular layers also contain much larger, lamellated bodies-the membrane-coating ...
- stratum reticulare
- (from the article "dermis") ...in ridges called papillae (see video). Nerves that extend through the dermis and end in the papillae are sensitive to heat, cold, pain, and pressure. Sweat glands and oil glands lie in the deeper stratum reticulare, as do the bases of hair follicles, the nail beds, and blood and lymph ...
- stratum spinosum
- (from the article "integument") ...in a basal stratum germinativum. This rests on a basement membrane closely anchored to the surface of the dermis. Newly formed cells move outward, and at first form part of the prickle cell layer (stratum spinosum), in which they are knit together by plaquelike structures called desmosomes. Next they move ...
- stratum spongiosum
- (from the article "reproductive system, human") ...is nearest to the uterine cavity and contains the lining cells and the necks of the uterine glands; its stroma is relatively dense. Superficial blood vessels lie beneath the lining cells. The stratum spongiosum is the large middle layer. It contains the main portions of uterine glands and accompanying blood ...
- stratus
- (from the article "atmosphere") Stratiform clouds occur as saturated air is mechanically forced upward and remains colder than the surrounding clear air at the same height. In the lower troposphere, such clouds are called stratus. Advection fog is a stratus cloud with a base lying at Earth's surface. In the middle troposphere, stratiform clouds ...
- Straub, Johann Baptist
- (from the article "Western sculpture") ...de Cuvillies in 1730-37, but in painting and sculpture the situation is more complicated. Ignaz Gunther, the greatest south German sculptor of the 18th century, was trained under Johann Baptist Straub; the elongated forms of Egell's sculpture at Mannheim, however, deeply impressed him, and his development was toward an almost ...
- Straube, Karl
- (from the article "keyboard instrument") ...Builders and Players"), in 1906 outlining the inadequacies of the 19th-century organ for the performance of the music of J.S. Bach and his contemporaries. It was not until 1926, however, with Karl Straube, that the revival of 18th-century and earlier styles of organ building began. Straube, organist at Bach's Tomas ...
- Straus Family
- Jewish-American immigrant family whose members prospered as owners of Macy's department store in New York City and distinguished themselves in public service and philanthropy. The Straus family originated in Otterberg, Bavaria (Germany), from which Lazaras Straus, the patriarch, emigrated in 1852. He settled at Talbotton, Ga., U.S., where he was ...
- Straus, Isidor
- (from the article "Macy's") In 1887 Nathan and Isidor Straus acquired part interest in the company; by 1896 they had assumed full control. The Strauses moved the store to its present site and began purchasing or building branch stores around the country.Straus familyStraus Family...the ...
- Straus, Nathan
- an owner of Macy's department store in New York City and a pioneer in public health and child welfare; he has been considered the person who did the most for the city's welfare in the first quarter of the 20th century. [3 Related Articles]
- Straus, Oscar
- Austrian composer known for his operetta The Chocolate Soldier.
- Straus, Oscar Solomon
- the first Jewish U.S. Cabinet member (1906-09), three-time emissary to Ottoman Turkey (1887-89, 1898-1900, 1909-10), and adviser to President Woodrow Wilson. [1 Related Articles]
- Straus, Roger Williams, Jr.
- American publisher (b. Jan. 3, 1917, New York, N.Y.-d. May 25, 2004, New York City), founded the New York-based publishing house Farrar, Straus & Co. in 1946; it became Farrar, Straus & Giroux in 1964. Under his leadership the firm built a reputation for literary excellence, publishing the works of ...
- Strauss, David Friedrich
- controversial German-Protestant philosopher, theologian, and biographer whose use of dialectical philosophy, emphasizing social evolution through the inner struggle of opposing forces, broke new ground in biblical interpretation by explaining the New Testament accounts of Christ mythologically. [3 Related Articles]
- Strauss, Eduard
- (from the article "Strauss, Johann, The Elder") Strauss's other sons, Josef (1827-70) and Eduard (1835-1916), became known as conductors, as did Eduard's son Johann. Josef was also a composer of waltzes.
- Strauss, Franz Josef
- German politician, longtime leader of the Bavarian Christian Social Union. [2 Related Articles]
- Strauss, Johann, The Elder
- one of the principal composers of Viennese waltzes.
- Strauss, Johann, The Younger
- "the Waltz King," a composer famous for his Viennese waltzes and operettas. [5 Related Articles]
- Strauss, Josef
- (from the article "Strauss, Johann, The Elder") Strauss's other sons, Josef (1827-70) and Eduard (1835-1916), became known as conductors, as did Eduard's son Johann. Josef was also a composer of waltzes.
- Strauss, Joseph B
- American civil engineer and builder of the Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco (see ). [2 Related Articles]
- Strauss, Leo
- German-born American political philosopher and interpreter of classical political theory. [2 Related Articles]
- Strauss, Levi
- (from the article "Levi Strauss & Co.") The company traces its origin to Levi Strauss (1829-1902), a Bavarian immigrant who arrived in San Francisco in 1850 during the Gold Rush, bringing dry goods for sale to miners. Hearing of the miners' need for durable pants, Strauss hired a tailor to make garments out of tent canvas. (Later, ...
- Strauss, Richard
- an outstanding German Romantic composer of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His symphonic poems of the 1890s and his operas of the following decade have remained an indispensable feature of the standard repertoire throughout the 20th century. [14 Related Articles]
- Stravinsky, Igor
- Russian-born composer whose work had a revolutionary impact on musical thought and sensibility just before and after World War I, and whose compositions remained a touchstone of modernism for much of his long working life.( for an audio excerpt from Stravinsky's Three Pieces for Clarinet.) [27 Related Articles]
- straw
- the stalks of grasses, particularly of such cereal grasses as wheat, oats, rye, barley, and buckwheat. When used collectively, the term straw denotes such stalks in the aggregate after the drying and threshing of grain. [3 Related Articles]
- straw poll
- (from the article "United States Presidential Election of 2008")
| Mitt Romney | 4,516 votes | | Mike Huckabee | 2,587 votes | | Sam Brownback | 2,192 votes | | Tom Tancredo | 1,961 votes | | Ron Paul | 1,305 votes | | Tommy Thompson | 1,039... |
- straw pulp
- (from the article "papermaking") ...soda, lime and soda ash, and kraft liquor (caustic soda and sodium sulfide). A characteristic of the pulping of annual plants, compared with wood, is the milder treatment necessary to produce pulp. Straw, for example, may be pulped with milk of lime in a spherical digester at a steam pressure ...
- Straw, Jack
- Following his appointment as the U.K.'s home secretary in 1997, British politician Jack Straw proved hard to characterize. Though liberal and reformist in some respects, he was conservative and authoritarian in other ways. Nevertheless, by 2000 he had managed to acquire a reputation for competence that had eluded many of ...
- strawberry
- fruit plant of eight main species of the genus Fragaria (family Rosaceae), native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere but widely cultivated in the Southern Hemisphere as well. The cultivated varieties are mainly derived from two species, F. virginiana and F. chiloensis, that are native to the Americas. ... [5 Related Articles]
- strawberry begonia
- (from the article "saxifrage") ...differing in size, leaf shape, and flower colour. Only one species is widely grown as a window and basket plant, S. stolonifera, a trailing plant with cascading runners. Its common names are strawberry begonia, strawberry geranium, and mother-of-thousands.
- strawberry bush
- (from the article "Euonymus") Another species called burning bush is E. atropurpurea, also known as wahoo, from eastern North America; it is similar to E. europaea but has reddish fruits. The strawberry bush (E. americana) from the same region is lower and has pinkish fruits.
- Strawberry Dam
- (from the article "Strawberry River") river rising in Wasatch county, north-central Utah, U.S. It flows about 70 miles (110 km) east to join the Duchesne River 19 miles (31 km) east of Heber. Strawberry Dam (1913), near the river's source, created Strawberry Reservoir, a project that pioneered the diversion of water from one Utah watershed ...
- Strawberry Hill
- (from the article "Gothic Revival") The earliest documented example of the revived use of Gothic architectural elements is Strawberry Hill, the home of the English writer Horace Walpole. As in many of the early Gothic Revival buildings, the Gothic was used here for its picturesque and romantic qualities without regard for its structural possibilities or ...
- Strawberry River
- river rising in Wasatch county, north-central Utah, U.S. It flows about 70 miles (110 km) east to join the Duchesne River 19 miles (31 km) east of Heber. Strawberry Dam (1913), near the river's source, created Strawberry Reservoir, a project that pioneered the diversion of water from one Utah watershed ...
- strawberry root louse
- (from the article "homopteran") ...ground, locate a new host plant, and immediately seek roots. The woolly aphid can live indefinitely on the roots of apple trees but can exist only part of the year on elm, the alternate host. The strawberry root louse has a sexual cycle in which eggs are laid, but these ...
- strawberry tongue
- (from the article "scarlet fever") ...At the start the tip and edges are reddened, and the rest of the tongue has a whitish appearance. By the third or fourth day the white coat has peeled off, and the tongue then develops a red "strawberry" appearance.
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