(from the article "bivalve") Situated close to the pedal ganglia but with direct connections to the cerebropleural ganglia are a pair of statocysts, which comprise a capsule of ciliated sense cells. In the lumen is either a single statolith or numerous crystalline statoconia. Their points of contact with the surrounding cilia yield information about ...
(from the article "crustacean") ...decapods or at the base of the uropods in mysids, that enable the crustacean to orient itself with respect to gravity. Each statocyst is a rounded sac containing one or more small granules, called statoliths, that rest on numerous small setae. Any change in orientation causes the statoliths to impinge ...
(from the article "automobile") ...outward by rotating vanes in the pump impeller and, reacting against vanes in the turbine impeller, forces them to rotate, as shown schematically in the figure. The oil then passes into the stator vanes, which redirect it to the pump. The stator serves as a reaction member providing more torque ...
(from the article "electric generator") When the rotor is rotated, a voltage is induced in the stator coil. At any instant, the magnitude of the voltage is proportional to the rate at which the magnetic field encircled by the coil is changing with time-i.e.,the rate at which the magnetic field is passing the two sides ...
(from the article "electric generator") The maximum value of flux density in the air gap is limited by magnetic saturation in the stator and rotor iron, and is typically about one tesla (weber per square metre). The effective, or root-mean-square (rms), voltage induced in one turn of a stator coil in a 2-pole, 60-hertz generator ...
(from the article "bronze") Bell metal, characterized by its sonorous quality when struck, is a bronze with a high tin content of 20-25 percent. Statuary bronze, with a tin content of less than 10 percent and an admixture of zinc and lead, is technically a brass. Bronze is improved in hardness and strength by ...
(from the article "Western sculpture") ...sculpture has tended to be humanistic and naturalistic, concentrating upon the human figure and human action studied from nature. Early in the history of the art there developed two general types: statuary, in which figures are shown in the round, and relief, in which figures project from a ground.Middle Eastern ...
(from the article "Anatolian religion") ...BC the centre of Assyrian trading outposts (karum); but from the mound itself, from a level just prior to the foundation of the Assyrian colonies, have come a series of remarkable statuettes. The majority of these are abstract, disk-shaped idols without limbs; many of them have two, three, or even ...
(from the article "roads and highways") ...the importance of the road increased, this embankment was progressively covered with a light bedding of sand or mortar on which four main courses were constructed: (1) the statumen layer 10 to 24 inches (250 to 600 millimetres) thick, composed of stones at least 2 inches in ...
(from the article "asthma") ...per day via inhalation-and are expected to be safer than traditional medications, which may cause cardiovascular damage. A prolonged asthma attack that does not respond to medication is called status asthmaticus; a person with this condition must be hospitalized to receive oxygen and other treatment.respiratory disease
(from the article "South Africa") ...passed the Statute of Westminster, which removed the last vestiges of British legal authority over South Africa. Three years later the South African Parliament secured that decision by enacting the Status of the Union Act, which declared the country to be "a sovereign independent state."
(from the article "Canada") In Canada the word Indian has a legal definition given in the Indian Act of 1876. People legally defined as Indians are known as status Indians. Indians who have chosen to give up their status rights or who have lost them through intermarriage with those of European ancestry are called ...
(from the article "criminal law") Human conduct is determined by many factors that are not responsive to criminal statutes. Thus it appears that introducing or abolishing the death penalty does not have any appreciable effect on the murder rate. Much depends also on the way in which laws are enforced. Any inquiry into the effectiveness ...
unpaid work on public projects that is required by law. Under the Roman Empire, certain classes of the population owed personal services to the state or to private proprietors-for example, labour in lieu of taxes for the upkeep of roads, bridges, and dikes; unpaid labour by coloni (tenant farmers) and ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "common law") Edward I has been called the English Justinian because his enactments had such an important influence on the law of the Middle Ages. Edward's civil legislation, which amended the unwritten common law, remained for centuries as the basic statute law. It was supplemented by masses of specialized statutes that were ...
(from the article "Emancipation Manifesto") ...[Feb. 19, Old Style], 1861), manifesto issued by the Russian emperor Alexander II that accompanied 17 legislative acts that freed the serfs of the Russian Empire. (The acts were collectively called Statutes Concerning Peasants Leaving Serf Dependence, or Polozheniya o Krestyanakh Vykhodyashchikh iz Krepostnoy Zavisimosty.)
(March 4, 1848), constitution granted to his subjects by King Charles Albert of Piedmont-Sardinia; when Italy was unified under Piedmontese leadership (1861), it became the constitution of the Kingdom of Italy. Originally it was a rather conservative document that set up a strong constitutional monarchy; its spirit was subsequently altered, ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "lien") ...and statutory liens. Courts of equity will in certain situations recognize a creditor's interest in a debtor's property even though the property remains in the debtor's possession. An example of a statutory lien in general use in the United States is the mechanic's lien, most commonly of statutory creation, that ...
(from the article "rape") The age at which an individual may give effective consent to sexual intercourse is commonly set in most countries at between 14 and 18 years (though it is as low as 12 years in some countries). Sexual intercourse with a person below the age of consent is termed statutory rape, ...
(from the article "trust") ...survivors. In some situations, such as where the deceased left minor or incompetent survivors, a court may create a trust for such persons' benefit, even if the deceased did not do so. Hence, statutory guardianships for minors and incompetents are sometimes called "statutory trusts."
(from the article "tournament") About 1292 a Statutum Armorum ("Statute of Arms") enacted that swords with points were not to be used (nor were pointed daggers, clubs, or maces). Fallen knights were to be helped up only by their own squires, wearing their heraldic device. The squire who offended was to lose horse and ...
(from the article "electromotive force") ...system to one joule per coulomb of electric charge. In the electrostatic units of the centimetre-gram-second system, the unit of electromagnetic force is the statvolt, or one erg per electrostatic unit of charge.
American collegiate and professional gridiron football quarterback who was an important factor in the establishment of the National Football League (NFL) Dallas Cowboys as a dominant team in the 1970s.
(from the article "Selected waterfalls of the world") ...ridges, and majestic peaks such as the Matterhorn and Grossglockner were shaped from the mountaintops; the valleys were widened and deepened into general U-shapes, and immense waterfalls, like the Staubbach and Trummelbach falls in the Lauterbrunnen Valley of the Bernese Alps, poured forth from hanging valleys hundreds of feet above ...
German chemist who won the 1953 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for demonstrating that polymers are long-chain molecules. His work laid the foundation for the great expansion of the plastics industry later in the 20th century. [1 Related Articles]
German mathematician who developed the first purely synthetic theory of imaginary points, lines, and planes in projective geometry. Later geometers, especially Felix Klein (1849-1925), Moritz Pasch (1843-1930), and David Hilbert (1862-1943), exploited these possibilities for bridging the gap between synthetic and analytic methods in geometry. [1 Related Articles]
German army officer who, as the chief conspirator of the July Plot, carried out an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler. [3 Related Articles]
Danish Social Democratic statesman who as prime minister (1924-26, 1929-42) widened the base of his party by gaining passage of key economic and social welfare legislation. [1 Related Articles]
city, seat (1738), of Augusta county (though administratively independent of it), north-central Virginia, U.S. It lies along the Shenandoah River, between Shenandoah National Park (east) and George Washington National Forest (west), 39 miles (63 km) northwest of Charlottesville. Settled by John Lewis in 1736 and laid out by his son, ...
(from the article "chess") The standard for modern sets was established about 1835 with a simple design by an Englishman, Nathaniel Cook. After it was patented in 1849, the design was endorsed by Howard Staunton, then the world's best player; owing to Staunton's extensive promotion, it subsequently became known as the Staunton pattern. Only ...
British chess master who was considered to be the world's leading player in the 1840s. In 1841 Staunton founded the first successful English chess magazine, and in 1851 he took the lead in organizing the first modern international chess tournament in London, where, however, he came in only fourth. [3 Related Articles]
Caribbean-American nurse and organization executive, most noted for her role in eliminating segregation in the Armed Forces Nurse Corps during World War II.
vicar-general of the German Augustinians during the revolt against the Roman Catholic church led by Martin Luther, of whom, for a time, he was teacher, patron, and counselor.
silicate mineral [(Fe,Mg,Zn)3-4Al18Si8O48H2-4] produced by regional metamorphism in rocks such as mica schists, slates, and gneisses, where it is generally associated with other minerals such as kyanite, garnet, and tourmaline. Staurolite is a brittle, hard mineral that has a dull lustre. Its crystals are usually dark brown in colour and ...
(from the article "jellyfish") The fourth order, Stauromedusae, comprises some 30 described species of nonswimming, stalked jellies. These species occur chiefly in cooler waters. They are goblet-shaped and fixed by a basal stalk; the mouth is situated at the upper end. Ranging from 1 to 10 cm (0.4 to 4 inches) in diameter, the ...
(from the article "annelid") ...maxillary carriers; parapodia single-lobed, often with many aciculae (needlelike structures); size, minute to 3 m; examples of genera: Palola (palolo), Eunice, Stauronereis, Lumbineris, Onuphis.Sedentary; head pointed or rounded without...
(from the article "troparion") ...left and right choirs descending from their stalls and singing in the middle of the church; theotokion, from Theotokos (Mother of God), is a type of hymn relating to the Virgin Mary; and staurotheotokion relates to the Virgin standing at the foot of the cross. There are also troparia for ...
American football player (b. April 20, 1925, Prinzing-bei-Cham, Ger.-d. Feb. 16, 2006, Carbondale, Colo.), anchored the defense of the Pittsburgh Steelers though he was considered undersized for the position of defensive tackle. Stautner was named to nine Pro Bowls during his National Football League career (1950-63). Later he coached in ...
city and seaport, southwestern Norway. It is situated on the east side of a peninsula, with the Norwegian Sea on the west and Gands Fjord, a south branch of broad Bokna Fjord, on the east. Stavanger became the seat of a bishopric in the 12th century, when the Cathedral of ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "barrel") large, bulging cylindrical container of sturdy construction traditionally made from wooden staves and wooden or metal hoops. The term is also a unit of volume measure, specifically 31 gallons of a fermented or distilled beverage, or 42 gallons of a petroleum product. According to the 1st-century-AD Roman historian Pliny the ...
in architecture, type of wooden church built in northern Europe mainly during the Middle Ages. Between 800 and 1,200 stave churches may have existed in the mid-14th century, at which time construction abruptly ceased. [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "Chesterfield") ...and railway engineer, lived and died in Chesterfield and assessed the commercial potential of local coal and ironstone. By 1900 the town possessed railway stations on each of three companies' lines. Staveley nearby grew rapidly after the establishment in 1845 of the Staveley Iron and Coal Company. The 14th-century parish ...
(from the article "painting, Western") ...in the late 11th and early 12th century are nowhere more clear than in the valley of the Meuse, in what is now eastern Belgium. One of the leading centres of artistic production was the abbey of Stavelot. The decoration of the outstanding early manuscript from its scriptorium, the Stavelot ...
(from the article "painting, Western") ...the Meuse, in what is now eastern Belgium. One of the leading centres of artistic production was the abbey of Stavelot. The decoration of the outstanding early manuscript from its scriptorium, the Stavelot Bible, of about 1094-97, is thework of various hands and is a perfect microcosm of the influences ...
French financial scandal of 1933 that, by triggering right-wing agitation, resulted in a major crisis in the history of the Third Republic (1870-1940). [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Stavisky affair") The scandal came to light in December 1933 when the bonds of a credit organization in Bayonne, founded by the financier Alexandre Stavisky, proved worthless. When Stavisky was found dead in January 1934, police officials said that he had committed suicide. Members of the French right believed, however, that Stavisky ...
kray (region), southwestern Russia, on the northern flank of the Greater Caucasus. The territory stretches from the crestline, which reaches 13,274 feet (4,046 m) in Mount Dombay-Ulgen, across the lower parallel ranges, which are broken by deep river gorges, and then across the extensive foreland known as the Stavropol Upland, ...
city and administrative centre of Stavropol kray (region), southwestern Russia, situated on the Stavropol Upland near the source of the Grachovka River. It was founded in 1777 as a fortress. Although it was at first a major route and administrative centre, the city was later bypassed by the Rostov-Baku railway, ...
(from the article "Caucasus") ...consists largely of plains, such as the extensive lowland north of the Kuban River that slopes gradually upward to the foothills of the mountains farther south. Central Ciscaucasia includes the Stavropol Upland, characterized mainly by tablelands of limestone or sandstone separated by deep valleys; the Mineralnye Vody-Pyatigorsk zone to the ...
(from the article "Cyprus") ...deep ocean (Tethys) that once separated the continents of Eurasia and Afro-Arabia. The range stretches eastward about 50 miles (80 km) from near the island's west coast to the 2,260-foot (689-metre) Stavrovouni peak, about 12 miles (19 km) from the southeastern coast. The range's summit, Mount Olympus (also called Mount ...
