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relativistic mass ... remanent magnetism

relativistic mass in the special theory of relativity, the mass that is assigned to a body in motion. In physical theories prior to special relativity, the momentum p and energy E assigned to a body of rest mass m0 and velocity v were given by the formulas p = m0v and E ... relativistic mechanics science concerned with the motion of bodies whose relative velocities approach the speed of light c, or whose kinetic energies are comparable with the product of their masses m and the square of the velocity of light, or mc2. Such bodies are said to be relativistic, and when their motion ... relativity wide-ranging physical theories formed by the German-born physicist Albert Einstein. With his theories of special relativity (1905) and general relativity (1916), Einstein overthrew many assumptions underlying earlier physical theories, redefining in the process the fundamental concepts of space, time, matter, energy, and gravity. Along with quantum mechanics, relativity is central ... relaxation phenomenon in physics and chemistry, an effect related to the delay between the application of an external stress to a system-that is, to an aggregation of matter-and its response. It may occur in nuclear, atomic, and molecular systems. Chemists and physicists use relaxation effects to study processes that take only a ... relaxin a hormone produced by the ovaries during pregnancy that causes pelvic and cervical expansion and relaxation. It inhibits muscular contractions of the uterus that would cause natural abortion of the developing child, stimulates the growth of the glands in the breasts that are responsible for milk production, and increases the ... relay in electricity, electromagnetic device for remote or automatic control of current in one (relay) circuit, using the variation in current in another (energizing) circuit. For example, in a solenoid (q.v.) the core will move when energized to open or close a switch or circuit breaker. Many relays are protective in ... relay race a track-and-field sport consisting of a set number of stages (legs), usually four, each leg run by a different member of a team. The runner finishing one leg is usually required to pass on a baton to the next runner while both are running in a marked exchange zone. Reles, Abe American killer and gangster who became a celebrated police informer in 1940-41. relic in religion, strictly, the mortal remains of a saint; in the broad sense, the term also includes any object that has been in contact with the saint. Among the major religions, Christianity, almost exclusively in Roman Catholicism, and Buddhism have emphasized the veneration of relics. relief in European feudalism, in a form of succession duty paid to an overlord by the heir of a deceased vassal. It became customary on the Continent by the Carolingian period (8th-9th century AD). The sum required was either fixed arbitrarily by the lord or agreed between the parties. Gradually, a ... relief in finance, public or private aid to persons in economic need because of natural disasters, wars, economic upheaval, chronic unemployment, or other conditions that prevent self-sufficiency. relief (from Italian relievare, "to raise"), in sculpture, any work in which the figures project from a supporting background, usually a plane surface. Reliefs are classified according to the height of the figures' projection or detachment from the background. In a low relief, or bas-relief (basso-relievo), the design projects only slightly ... relief printing in art printmaking, a process consisting of cutting or etching a printing surface in such a way that all that remains of the original surface is the design to be printed. Examples of relief-printing processes include woodcut, anastatic printing (also called relief etching), linocut, and metal cut. Religion: Year in Review 1994 Religion and violence were linked in several prominent incidents in 1993, including a shoot-out in Texas, a bombing in New York City, and rioting in India. But in the midst of conflict, interfaith understanding made progress, too. Homosexuality, the role of women, financial problems, and church-state relations provided challenges for ... Religion: Year in Review 1995 Religion: Year in Review 1996 Religion: Year in Review 1997 During 1996 religious groups were pitted against governments on issues ranging from freedom of belief and practice to public policy matters such as abortion. In some cases faith groups found themselves in disagreement with one another on such subjects as evangelism and the significance of the Holocaust. Christians found themselves ... Religion: Year in Review 1998 Religion: Year in Review 1999 Religion: Year in Review 2000 Interfaith and ecumenical relations had a mixed year in 1999, recording progress on some matters that had caused centuries-old divisions but also experiencing some setbacks. Some groups faced divisions within their ranks, and both traditional and newer religions found themselves pitted against governments on several fronts. Religion: Year in Review 2001 Interfaith relations took centre stage in the world of religion during 2000 as faith groups came into conflict in some situations and found themselves making breakthroughs in cooperation in others. Same-sex unions and the role of women sparked internal conflicts in some traditions, and the relationship between religion and government ... Religion: Year in Review 2002 Relations between Muslims and members of other faiths dominated the world of religion during 2001, highlighted by the deadly terrorist attacks in the United States. Relations between Christians and Jews and between Christians of differing traditions also hit some rough spots. Churches continued to tackle controversies over ordination of homosexuals ... Religion: Year in Review 2003 (For figures on Worldwide Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, see Table; for Adherents in the United States of America, see Table.) Religion: Year in Review 2004 (For figures on Worldwide Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, see Table; for Adherents in the United States of America, see Table.) Religion: Year in Review 2005 For figures on Adherents of All Religions by Continent, see Table; for Adherents in the United States, see Table. Religion: Year in Review 2006 Religion: Year in Review 2007 For figures on Adherents of All Religions by Continent, see Table I; for Adherents in the U.S., see Table II. Religion: Year in Review 2008 For figures on Adherents of All Religions by Continent, see Table I; for Adherents in the U.S., see Table II. Religion: Year in Review 2009 Religion: Year in Review 2010 Interfaith controversies over statements denying that the Nazis killed six million Jews in the 1940s, disputes in Anglican and Lutheran denominations over the ordination of noncelibate gay men and lesbians to the ministry, and relations between Islamic movements and the governments of several countries occupied the world of religion in ... Religion: Year in Review 2011 For figures on Adherents of All Religions by Continent and on Adherents in the U.S., see below. religion human beings' relation to that which they regard as holy, sacred, absolute, spiritual, divine, or worthy of especial reverence. It is also commonly regarded as consisting of the way people deal with ultimate concerns about their lives and their fate after death. In many traditions, this relation and these concerns ... religion, phenomenology of methodological approach to the study of religion that emphasizes the standpoint of the believer. Drawing insights from the philosophical tradition of phenomenology, especially as exemplified by Edmund Husserl (1859-1938), it seeks to uncover religion's essence through investigations that are free from the distorting influences of scholarly or traditional values and ... religion, philosophy of discipline concerned with the philosophical appraisal of human religious attitudes and of the real or imaginary objects of those attitudes, God or the gods. The philosophy of religion is an integral part of philosophy as such and embraces central issues regarding the nature and extent of human knowledge, the ultimate ... religion, study of attempt to understand the various aspects of religion, especially through the use of other intellectual disciplines. Religion, Wars of (1562-98) conflicts in France between Protestants and Roman Catholics. The spread of French Calvinism persuaded the French ruler Catherine de Medicis to show more tolerance for the Huguenots, which angered the powerful Roman Catholic Guise family. Its partisans massacred a Huguenot congregation at Vassy (1562), causing an uprising in the ... religions, classification of the attempt to systematize and bring order to a vast range of knowledge about religious beliefs, practices, and institutions. It has been the goal of students of religion for many centuries but especially so with the increased knowledge of the world's religions and the advent of modern methods of scientific ... Religionsgeschichtliche Schule ("science of religion"), comparative, historical method in the study of religion. The Religionsgeschichtliche Schule developed in German biblical studies during the 19th century and emphasized the degree to which biblical ideas were the product of the cultural milieu. Important in this line of development was Albert Schweitzer, in whose Quest ... religious dress any attire, accoutrements, and markings used in religious rituals that may be corporate, domestic, or personal in nature. Such dress may comprise types of coverings all the way from the highly symbolic and ornamented eucharistic (Holy Communion) vestments of Eastern Orthodox Christianity to tattooing, scarification, or body painting of members ... religious experience specific experience such as wonder at the infinity of the cosmos, the sense of awe and mystery in the presence of the sacred or holy, feeling of dependence on a divine power or an unseen order, the sense of guilt and anxiety accompanying belief in a divine judgment, or the ... Religious Science religious movement founded in the United States by Ernest Holmes (1887-1960). Holmes and his brother Fenwicke were drawn to New Thought teachings and to a belief in the power of the mind for healing and fulfillment of life. In 1926 Holmes's major work, The Science of Mind, was published. In ... religious symbolism and iconography respectively, the basic and often complex artistic forms and gestures used as a kind of key to convey religious concepts and the visual, auditory, and kinetic representations of religious ideas and events. Symbolism and iconography have been utilized by all the religions of the world. religious syncretism the fusion of diverse religious beliefs and practices. Instances of religious syncretism-as, for example, Gnosticism (a religious dualistic system that incorporated elements from the Oriental mystery religions), Judaism, Christianity, and Greek religious philosophical concepts-were particularly prevalent during the Hellenistic period (c. 300 BC-c. AD 300). The fusion of cultures that ... relish vegetable side dish that is eaten in small quantities with a blander main dish to pique the appetite by its contrasting texture and spicy or piquant taste. Relishes are frequently finely cut vegetables or fruit in sour, sweet-sour, or spicy sauce. The Indonesian and Malaysian sambal, Indian chutney, achar, and ... Relizane town, northwestern Algeria, near Wadi Mina, which is a tributary of the Chelif River. Built near the ruined Roman settlement of Mina, modern Relizane is a typical French-style town of wide streets and parks. It is surrounded by orchards and gardens, and a large area of cropland is irrigated with ... Relizian Stage major division of Miocene rocks and time on the Pacific coast of North America (the Miocene epoch began 23.7 million years ago and ended 5.3 million years ago). The Relizian Stage, which overlies the Saucesian Stage and precedes the Luisian Stage, was named for exposures studied in Reliz Canyon in ... Relly, James Welsh Methodist minister and revivalist who influenced the development of Universalism, a theological position held by some Christians, according to which all human souls will achieve salvation. Relly argued that Jesus Christ's unity with all human beings, his assumption of their guilt, and his endurance of the punishment for their ... rem unit of radiation dosage (such as from X rays) applied to humans. Derived from the phrase Roentgen equivalent man, the rem is now defined as the dosage in rads that will cause the same amount of biological injury as one rad of X rays or gamma rays. Formerly poorly defined, ... remainder in Anglo-American law, a future interest held by one person in the property of another, which, upon the happening of a certain event, will become his own. The holder of this interest is known in legal terms as a remainderman. Remak, Robert German embryologist and neurologist who discovered and named (1842) the three germ layers of the early embryo: the ectoderm, the mesoderm, and the endoderm. He also discovered nonmedullated nerve fibres (1838) and the nerve cells in the heart (1844) called Remak's ganglia, and he was a pioneer in the use ... remanent magnetism the permanent magnetism in rocks, resulting from the orientation of the Earth's magnetic field at the time of rock formation in a past geological age. It is the source of information for the paleomagnetic studies of polar wandering and continental drift. Remanent magnetism can derive from several natural processes, generally ...