U.S. geologist known for his theory, proposed in 1951, of the origin of the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, and crust by fractional melting of the upper mantle, the Earth's intermediate layer. [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "madder") any of several species of plants belonging to the genus Rubia of the madder family, Rubiaceae. Rubia tinctorum and R. peregrina are native European plants, and R. cordifolia is native to the hilly districts of India and Java. Rubia is a genus of about 60 species; its members are characterized ...
(from the article "madder") any of several species of plants belonging to the genus Rubia of the madder family, Rubiaceae. Rubia tinctorum and R. peregrina are native European plants, and R. cordifolia is native to the hilly districts of India and Java. Rubia is a genus of about 60 species; its members are characterized ...
the madder family of the Rubiales order of flowering plants, consisting of 660 genera with more than 11,000 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees, distributed primarily in tropical areas of the world. Members of the family have leaves opposite each other with stipules or in whorls, unbroken leaf margins, and ... [1 Related Articles]
small stream that separated Cisalpine Gaul from Italy in the era of the Roman Republic. The movement of Julius Caesar's forces over the Rubicon into Italy in 49 BC violated the law (the Lex Cornelia Majestatis) that forbade a general to lead an army out of the province to which ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "bezique") The great popularity of bezique in the 19th century led to the creation of more-elaborate and higher-scoring versions played with more than two 32-card decks shuffled together, such as four (rubicon bezique), six (Chinese bezique), and even eight decks. Bezique all but died out in the 20th century under the ...
(from the article "piquet") ...of a treatise by the real Edmond Hoyle in 1744, and still remains a staple component of all self-respecting "Hoyles." The following description is of the English club game known as rubicon piquet.
chemical element of Group 1 (Ia) in the periodic table, the alkali metal group. Rubidium is the second most reactive metal and is very soft, with a silvery-white lustre. [7 Related Articles]
method of estimating the age of rocks, minerals, and meteorites from measurements of the amount of the stable isotope strontium-87 formed by the decay of the unstable isotope rubidium-87 that was present in the rock at the time of its formation. Rubidium-87 comprises 27.85 percent of the total atomic abundance ... [3 Related Articles]
toy, popular in the 1980s, that was designed by Hungarian inventor Erno Rubik. Rubik's Cube consists of 26 small cubes that rotate on a central axis; nine coloured cube faces, in three rows of three each, form each side of the cube. When the cube is twisted out of its ... [2 Related Articles]
inventor of Rubik's Cube, a popular toy of the 1980s. Rubik's Cube consists of 26 small cubes that rotate on a central axis; nine coloured cube faces, in three rows of three each, form each side of the cube. When the cube is twisted out of its original arrangement, the ... [1 Related Articles]
diagnostic method for determining whether the fallopian tubes in the human female are occluded. (The fallopian tubes are slender hollow structures on each side of the uterus through which the eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus.) The test is helpful in explaining certain instances of female infertility. It ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "1990: Other Winners") Original Screenplay: Bruce Joel Rubin for GhostAdapted Screenplay: Michael Blake for Dances with WolvesCinematography: Dean Semler for Dances with WolvesArt Direction: Richard Sylbert for Dick TracyOriginal...
(from the article "small arm") ...range extended to 1,000 yards and beyond. Because lead projectiles were too soft to be used at such increased power and velocity, they were sheathed in harder metal. In 1881 a Swiss officer, Eduard Alexander Rubin, was the first to perfect a full-length, copper-jacketed bullet.
U.S. political activist turned businessman (b. July 14, 1938, Cincinnati, Ohio--d. Nov. 28, 1994, Los Angeles, Calif.), gained his widest renown from the anti-Vietnam War protests during the 1968 Democratic national convention in Chicago and the subsequent "Chicago Seven" trial, in which--after one defendant was removed to be tried separately--he ...
In keeping with his unflappable, bearded guru image, American record producer Rick Rubin chose to avoid the 2007 Grammy Award ceremony, and although he won the Grammy for best producer, he characterized the year as "not unusually special." Nonetheless, Rubin exerted a quiet dominance on the industry's sales charts. He ...
American curator (b. Aug. 11, 1927, Brooklyn, N.Y.-d. Jan. 22, 2006, Pound Ridge, N.Y.), served as director (1973-88) of the painting and sculpture department at the Museum of Modern Art, New York City, where he was instrumental in expanding its collection and in shaping its identity and direction. Rubin's most ...
(from the article "Rubinstein, Anton") In 1835 Rubinstein's father opened a small factory in Moscow, and there in the same year his brother Nikolay was born. Both boys were taught piano, first by their mother and then by Aleksandr Villoing. Anton gave his first public recital in Moscow in 1839, and the following year Villoing ...
(from the article "submarine") ...the 1960s, '70s, and '80s displaced between 4,000 and 4,500 tons at the surface and were about 285 feet long. They were armed with torpedoes and dive-launched Harpoon missiles. In France, the first Rubis-class submarine was laid down in 1976 with torpedo and sonar systems inherited from the diesel-electric Agosta ...
(from the article "virus") ...by arthropods (exclusively mosquitoes) and designated alphaviruses (prototypes Sindbis virus, eastern and western equine encephalitis viruses), the other non-arthropod-borne and designated rubivirus (the causative agent of German measles).Viruses of this family are enveloped and spherical in shape, with a...type of togavirus
city, eastern Ukraine, on the Donets River. The settlement dates from the 18th century and was incorporated in 1934. Rubizhne has an engineering industry and, with Lysychansk and Syeverodonetsk, is one of the most important chemical centres in Ukraine. The city's chemical industry dates from World War I, when it ... [1 Related Articles]
one of the greatest medieval Russian painters, whose masterpiece is a magnificent icon of "The Old Testament Trinity," now in the Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow. [4 Related Articles]
in calligraphy and typography, the use of handwriting or type of a different colour on a page, derived from the practice of setting off liturgical directions, headings of statutes, and the like in red. Specifically, it applied to the rules prescribed for the conduct of religious services as set forth ...
(from the article "nervous system, human") The rubrospinal tract arises from cells in the caudal part of the red nucleus, an encapsulated cell group in the midbrain tegmentum. Fibres of this tract decussate at midbrain levels, descend in the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord (overlapping ventral parts of the corticospinal tract), enter the spinal gray ...
(from the article "Sudan, The") ...The Jalayin encompasses the sedentary agriculturalists along the middle Nile from Dunqulah south to Khartoum and includes such tribes as the Jalayin tribe proper, the Shayqiyah, and the Rubtab. The Juhaynah, by contrast, traditionally consisted of nomadic tribes, although some of them have now become settled. Among the major tribes ...
city, Altay kray (region), west central Russia, on the Aley River and the Turk-Sib Railway. It is the centre of an important region of mining nonferrous ores. The city manufactures agricultural machinery, chiefly diesel tractors and electrical equipment for tractors, as well as flour and other foodstuffs. Pop. (1991 est.) ...
gemstone composed of transparent red corundum (q.v.), a mineral form of aluminum oxide, Al2O3. Its colour varies from deep cochineal to pale rose red, in some cases with a tinge of purple; the most valued is a pigeon-blood red. The red colour arises from the replacement of a small number ... [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "Lookout Mountain") ...railway ascends to the top of a peak, site of the town of Lookout Mountain, with excellent scenic views. In the interior of the peak are caves with a 145-foot- (45-metre-) high waterfall (Ruby Falls), and atop are the gardens and strange rock formations known as Rock City. During the ...
deep-red glass deriving its colour from gold chloride. Originally known in the ancient world, its rediscovery was long sought by European alchemists and glassmakers, who believed it had curative properties. A Hamburg physician, Andreas Cassius, in 1676 reported his discovery of the red colouring properties of a solution of gold ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Major commercial lasers") ...a strong light beam that is nearly monochromatic, its power narrowly concentrated around a desired optical wavelength. Such a carrier would not have been possible without the invention of the ruby laser, first demonstrated in 1960, which produces intense light with very narrow spectral linewidth by the process of coherent ...
(from the article "maser") ...can thus be utilized. The ammonia maser amplifies only a very narrow band of frequencies and is not tunable, however, so that it has largely been superseded by other kinds, such as solid-state ruby masers.
natural or synthetic gem-quality spinel (q.v.; magnesium aluminum oxide) that resembles ruby. The two natural gems are generally found together in gem gravels, to the extent that spinel has been called "mother of ruby." Many historic rubies were probably spinels; the Timur Ruby in the British crown jewels is such ...
(from the article "Warren Commission") ...Kennedy were fired by Oswald from a rifle pointed out a sixth-floor window of the Texas School Book Depository. The commission also reported that it had found no evidence that either Oswald or Jack Ruby, a Dallas nightclub operator charged with Oswald's murder, was part of any conspiracy, foreign or ...
(from the article "kinglet") ...Europe resembles the goldcrest but has a white eyeline, and the flamecrest, or yellow-rumped kinglet (R. goodfellowi), of Taiwan is sometimes considered a subspecies of the firecrest. In the ruby-crowned kinglet (R. calendula) of North America, the crown mark is a mere tick of red, appearing on the male only ...
(from the article "hummingbird") ...restricted in distribution to the New World, where the greatest variety and number of species occur in South America. About 12 species are found regularly in the United States and Canada. Only the ruby-throated hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) breeds in eastern North America, where it is found from Nova Scotia to ...
(from the article "blank verse") ...of Virgil's Aeneid. Other experiments in 16th-century Italy were the tragedy Sofonisba (written 1514-15) by Gian Giorgio Trissino, and the didactic poem Le api (1539) by Giovanni Rucellai. Rucellai was the first to use the term versi sciolti, which became translated into English as "blank verse." It soon became the ...
(from the article "Florence") During this period of adversity, the power of the guilds and their domination of the city were on the wane; as a result, successful merchants and bankers, chiefly Cosimo de' Medici and Giovanni Rucellai in the 15th century, were able to shape civic politics and culture through a system of ...
early Renaissance palace in Florence, designed c. 1445-70 by Leon Battista Alberti for the Rucellai, a wealthy Tuscan mercantile family. Alberti's overriding concern with balance and proportion is evident in his symmetrical treatment of the palace's facade. The use of the three classical orders to indicate upward progression was inspired ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Watergate Scandal") Cox rejected the proposal, and on October 20 the president ordered Attorney General Richardson to fire the special prosecutor. Both Richardson and William D. Ruckelshaus, deputy attorney general, resigned rather than carry out the order, and Cox was finally dismissed by a compliant solicitor general, Robert Bork.
(from the article "1929/30: Other Winners") Writing: Frances Marion for The Big HouseCinematography: Joseph T. Rucker and Willard Van Der Veer for With Byrd at the South PoleArt Direction: Herman Rosse for King of Jazz
(from the article "Equestrian Sports") ...the largest harness track in the U.S. Law-enforcement officials had also learned that horses going into the Ledford Stable from other trainers were showing remarkable improvement. A month later Ken Rucker, the leading trainer at the Meadowlands, made headlines when one of his horses tested positive. Rucker had signed an ...
most famous of all harpsichord makers and founder of a dynasty of Flemish instrument makers whose harpsichords provided an important model for later north European builders. [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "South American forest Indian") ...function: the captives form a servile group known as peito-the same term applied to a fiance during the period in which he is obliged to work for his future father-in-law. The Rucuyen, a Carib tribe of French Guiana, for some time maintained in servitude a great number of the Oyampi, ...
city, Slaskie wojewodztwo (province), south-central Poland, in the heart of the Upper Silesia coal-mining region. An old industrial city, Ruda Slaska was founded in the Middle Ages as an iron-mining settlement, but it was not incorporated until after World War II. Poland's first coal mine was operated ...
