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Q ... Qatar: Year in Review 2002

Q in the study of biblical literature, a hypothetical Greek-language proto-Gospel that might have been in circulation in written form about the time of the composition of the Synoptic Gospels-Mark, Matthew, and Luke-approximately between 65 and AD 95. The name Q, coined by the German theologian and biblical scholar Johannes Weiss, ... Q fever acute, self-limited, systemic disease caused by the rickettsia Coxiella burnetii. Q fever spreads rapidly in cows, sheep, and goats, and in humans it tends to occur in localized outbreaks. The clinical symptoms are those of fever, chills, severe headache, and pneumonia. The disease is usually mild, and complications are rare. ... Q.E.D. short story by Gertrude Stein, one of her earliest works, written in 1903 and published posthumously in 1950 in Things as They Are, a novel in three parts. qa ancient Babylonian liquid measure equal to the volume of a cube whose dimensions are each one handbreadth (3.9 to 4 inches, or 9.9 to 10.2 cm) in length. The cube held one great mina (about 2 pounds, or 1 kg) of water by weight. Five qa made up a siqlu, ... Qabbani, Nizar Syrian diplomat and poet whose subject matter, at first strictly erotic and romantic, grew to embrace political issues as well. Written in simple but eloquent language, his verses, some of which were set to music, won the hearts of countless Arabic speakers throughout the Middle East and Africa. Qaboos bin Said sultan of Oman. Qadarif, Al- town, southeastern Sudan, situated about 120 miles (200 km) southwest of Kassala town. Located at an elevation of 1,975 feet (608 metres), it is a commercial centre for the cotton, cereals, sesame seeds, and fodder produced in the surrounding area. The Gash Irrigation Project is located to the northeast of ... Qadariyah in Islam, adherents of the doctrine of free will (from qadar, "power"). The name was also applied to the Mu'tazilah, the Muslim theological school that believed that humankind, through its free will, can choose between good and evil. But as the Mu'tazilah also stressed the absolute unity of God (tawhid), ... Qaddafi, Muammar al- de facto leader of Libya (1969-2011). Qaddafi had ruled for more than four decades when he was ousted by a revolt in August 2011. After evading capture for several weeks, he was killed by rebel forces in October 2011. qadi a Muslim judge who renders decisions according to the Shari'ah, the canon law of Islam. The qadi hears only religious cases such as those involving inheritance, pious bequests (waqf), marriage, and divorce, though theoretically his jurisdiction extends to both civil and criminal matters. Originally, the qadi's work was restricted to ... Qadiriyah probably the oldest of the Muslim mystic (Sufi) orders, founded by the Hanbali theologian 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani (1078-1166) in Baghdad. Al-Jilani may have intended the few rituals he prescribed to extend only to his small circle of followers, but his sons broadened this community into an order and encouraged its ... Qaeda in Iraq, al- militant Sunni network, active in Iraq after the U.S.-led invasion of 2003, comprising Iraqi and foreign fighters opposed to the U.S. occupation and the Shi'ite-dominated Iraqi government. Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, al- Yemen-based militant group, formed in 2009 by the merger of radical networks in Saudi Arabia and Yemen and linked to attacks in Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and the United States. Qaeda in the Islamic Maghrib, al- Algeria-based Islamic militant group, active in North Africa and the Sahel region. Qaeda, al- broad-based militant Islamist organization founded by Osama bin Laden in the late 1980s. Qafzeh paleoanthropological site south of Nazareth, Israel, where some of the oldest remains of modern humans in Asia have been found. More than 25 fossil skeletons dating to about 90,000 years ago have been recovered. The site is a rock shelter first excavated in the early 1930s; excavation continued in the ... Qaidam Basin northeastern section of the Plateau of Tibet, occupying the northwestern part of Qinghai province, western China. The basin is bounded on the south by the towering Kunlun Mountains-with many peaks in the western part exceeding 20,000 feet (6,000 metres) above sea level-and on the north and east by the Altun ... Qajar Dynasty the ruling dynasty of Iran from 1794 to 1925. Qala'un Mamluk sultan of Egypt (1279-90), the founder of a dynasty that ruled that country for a century. Qala'un complex building complex, including a mausoleum, a madrasah, and a hospital, built in 1283-85 on the site of present-day Cairo by the fifth Mamluk sultan, Qala'un. The hospital, now in ruins, was one of the most remarkable buildings of the Mamluk era. The mausoleum and madrasah both open from a central ... qalam ancient reed pen still used in Arabic calligraphy and formerly used for all writing. The qalam was cut from between two nodes of the stem of a reed chosen for its straight fibres. As thick as a finger and 8 or 10 inches (20 or 25 cm) long, the reed ... qalamkari textile painted textile of a type produced during the 17th century at various centres in India, notably at Golconda. The material was called qalamkari ("brushwork") because of the technique employed in executing it and was chiefly made into prayer carpets, hangings, coverlets, and bedcovers. Qalandariyah loosely organized group of wandering Muslim dervishes who form an "irregular" (bi-shar') or antinomian Sufi mystical order. The Qalandariyah seem to have arisen from the earlier Malamatiyah in Central Asia and exhibited Buddhist and perhaps Hindu influences. The adherents of the order were notorious for their contempt for the norms ... Qalyub town at the apex of the Nile River delta, in Al-Qalyubiyyah muhafazah (governorate), Lower Egypt. It lies just north of Cairo, near the right bank of the Nile and the Nile Delta Barrage, which controls the division of the Nile's waters into the Rosetta and Damietta branches. Qalyubiyyah, Al- small muhafazah (governorate), just north of Cairo at the apex of the Nile River delta, Lower Egypt. It is bounded on the northeast by Al-Sharqiyyah muhafazah and on the northwest by the Damietta Branch of the Nile. It is densely populated, and about three-fifths of its population relies on agriculture. ... Qamdo mountainous area in the far eastern part of the Tibet Autonomous Region, western China. It borders the provinces of Qinghai, Yunnan, and Sichuan to the north, east, and southeast, respectively. Myanmar (Burma) and the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh lie to the south. Qamishli, Al- town in northeastern Syria. It lies along the Turkish border, which divides the Syrian town of Al-Qamishli from the Turkish town of Nusaybin. Al-Qamishli was founded in 1926 as a station on the Taurus railway. Its mixed population increased with influxes of Armenian, Assyrian Christian, and Kurdish refugees from Turkey ... qanat ancient type of water-supply system, developed and still used in arid regions of the world. A qanat taps underground mountain water sources trapped in and beneath the upper reaches of alluvial fans and channels the water downhill through a series of gently sloping tunnels, often several kilometres long, to the ... Qantas Airways Limited Australian airline, the oldest in the English-speaking world, founded in 1920 as Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services Ltd. (from which the name Qantas was derived). Its first operations were taxi services and pleasure flights. By the early 21st century, however, its scheduled air routes extended throughout Asia, Australia, the ... Qaqortoq principal town in southwestern Greenland, on Julianehab Bugt, an inlet in the Davis Strait. Founded in 1755 by Anders Olsen, a Norwegian merchant, and named for Queen Juliana Maria of Denmark, it is a seaport and trading station supported by an airport. Fish and shrimp processing, tanning, fur production, and ... Qaraghandy oblysy (region), central Kazakhstan. It lies mostly in the Kazakh Uplands in a dry steppe zone, rising gradually in elevation eastward to a maximum in the Karkaraly Mountains of 5,115 feet (1,559 m). The principal rivers, the Nura and Sarysu, are in the west, in the Musbel lowland. The climate ... Qaraghandy city, capital of Qaraghandy oblysy (region), central Kazakhstan. It lies at the centre of the important Qaraghandy coal basin. It is the second largest city in the republic and derives its name from the caragana bush, which grows abundantly in the surrounding steppe. Qarakhanid Dynasty Turkic dynasty (999-1211) that ruled in Transoxania in Central Asia. Qaratau mountain range, a northwestern spur of the Tien Shan, in southern Kazakhstan. The name is of Turkic origin, meaning "Black Mountain." The range extends for 260 miles (420 km) along the Syr Darya (ancient Jaxartes River) and rises to 7,139 feet (2,176 metres), with an average elevation of 3,300-5,000 feet ... Qarawiyin mosque and Islamic university in Fes, Morocco. Qarluq confederation Turkic tribal confederation of Central Asia, from whose ranks came the Qarakhanid dynasty. Qarmatian a member of the Shi'ite Muslim sect known as the Isma'ilites. The Qarmatians flourished in Iraq, Yemen, and especially Bahrain during the 9th to 11th centuries, taking their name from Hamdan Qarmat, who led the sect in southern Iraq in the second half of the 9th century. The Qarmatians became ... Qashqa'i rug floor covering handwoven by the Qashqa'i people, who have the reputation of making the best rugs from the Shiraz district of Iran. They are the brightest in colouring, with rich blues and reds and some use of golden yellow. Usually their designs are geometric, perhaps with a row of three ... qasidah poetic form developed in pre-Islamic Arabia and perpetuated throughout Islamic literary history into the present. It is a laudatory, elegiac, or satiric poem that is found in Arabic, Persian, and many related Asian literatures. The classic is an elaborately structured ode of 60 to 100 lines, maintaining a single end ... Qasim, 'Abd al-Karim army officer who overthrew the Iraqi monarchy in 1958 and became head of the newly formed Republic of Iraq. Qasimi, Sheikh Sultan ibn Muhammad al- Ruler of the emirate of Al-Shariqah (Sharjah) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) from 1972. He succeeded his brother, who was assassinated. A political moderate, he favoured strengthening the federal government of the UAE. In the wake of a failed coup attempt by another brother, he agreed to implement financial ... Qasr 'Amrah palace in Jordan, about 50 miles (80 km) east of Amman. Built about AD 712-715, it served as both a hunting lodge and a fortress, and it is one of the best-preserved monuments of Islamic architecture from the Umayyad period. Its main chamber is roofed with three parallel vaults that ... Qatar: Year in Review 1994 A monarchy (emirate) on the Arabian Peninsula, Qatar occupies a desert peninsula and nearby small islands on the west coast of the Persian Gulf. Area: 11,427 sq km (4,412 sq mi). Pop. (1993 est.): 539,000. Cap.: Doha. Monetary unit: Qatar riyal, with (Oct. 4, 1993) a free rate of 3.61 ... Qatar: Year in Review 1995 A monarchy (emirate) on the Arabian Peninsula, Qatar occupies a desert peninsula and the nearby small Hawar Islands (also claimed by Bahrain) on the west coast of the Persian Gulf. Area (including Hawar Islands): 11,427 sq km (4,412 sq mi). Pop. (1994 est.): 552,000. Cap.: Doha. Monetary unit: Qatar riyal, ... Qatar: Year in Review 1996 A monarchy (emirate) on the Arabian Peninsula, Qatar occupies a desert peninsula and the nearby small Hawar Islands (also claimed by Bahrain) on the west coast of the Persian Gulf. Area (including Hawar Islands): 11,427 sq km (4,412 sq mi). Pop. (1995 est.): 579,000. Cap.: Doha. Monetary unit: Qatar riyal, ... Qatar: Year in Review 1997 A monarchy (emirate) on the Arabian Peninsula, Qatar occupies a desert peninsula and the nearby small Hawar Islands (also claimed by Bahrain) on the west coast of the Persian Gulf. Area (including Hawar Islands): 11,427 sq km (4,412 sq mi). Pop. (1996 est.): 590,000. Cap.: Doha. Monetary unit: Qatar riyal, ... Qatar: Year in Review 1998 Area (including Hawar Islands, also claimed by Bahrain): 11,437 sq km (4,416 sq mi) Qatar: Year in Review 1999 Area (including Hawar Islands, also claimed by Bahrain): 11,437 sq km (4,416 sq mi) Qatar: Year in Review 2000 Qatar's emir, Sheikh Hamad ibn Khalifah ath-Thani, in 1999 elaborated further on his vision for the country's future development. It would continue to proceed along three main lines. First, in cooperation with the Mobil Corp. and other multinational energy firms, Qatar would increase the production and exportation of the world's ... Qatar: Year in Review 2001 Qatar in 2000 continued to make major inroads into the international energy industry as the world's fastest-growing exporter of natural gas. During visits to China, France, Germany, India, South Korea, Thailand, and the United Kingdom, Emir Sheikh Hamad ibn Khalifah ath-Thani concluded memorandums of understanding with the governments of each ... Qatar: Year in Review 2002 In 2001 Qatar continued its increasingly prominent role in regional, interregional, and global affairs. In November 2000 Qatar had succeeded Iran as head of the 57-member-state Organization of the Islamic Conference. During its three-year term, Qatar would enjoy unprecedented standing among the world's 1.2 billion Muslims.