| | - MiG-23
- (from the article "MiG") The MiG-23, which entered active service in 1972, featured a variable-sweep wing intended to improve performance at various speeds and altitudes. It also introduced electronic sensor and warning systems of increasing sophistication that allowed successive MiG fighters to find and attack aircraft at greater ranges and against cluttered radar returns ...
- MiG-25 Foxbat
- (from the article "fighter aircraft") ...fighters can fly at more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) per hour. They have fast rates of climb, great maneuverability, and heavy firepower, including air-to-air missiles. The U.S. F-16 and the Soviet MiG-25 are among the most advanced jet fighters in the world.
- MiG-27
- (from the article "MiG") ...find and attack aircraft at greater ranges and against cluttered radar returns from the ground. A ground-attack version of the MiG-23, with armoured cockpit and more weapons stores, was known as the MiG-27. In response to U.S. experiments with high-altitude, supersonic bombers, the MiG-25 was designed about 1960. As introduced ...
- MiG-29
- (from the article "MiG") ...also made it useful for reconnaissance. The MiG-31, a two-seat interceptor introduced in 1983, is based on the MiG-25 but is modified for less speed and better performance at lower altitudes. The MiG-29, first operational in 1985, is a single-seat, twin-engine air-to-air fighter that can also be used for ground ...
- MiG-3
- (from the article "military aircraft") ...of production decisions that deprived their high-performance Allison engines of scarce turbosuperchargers, assigning them instead to bombers. The best Soviet fighters were similarly outclassed: the MiG-3, designed by a bureau headed by Artem Mikoyan and Mikhail Gurevich, was fast, but it had marginal handling characteristics, and the performance of Semyon ...
- MiG-31
- (from the article "MiG") ...combat aircraft ever in active service, registered speeds of Mach 2.7 and 2.8, with an operational ceiling above 24,400 m (80,000 feet). These abilities also made it useful for reconnaissance. The MiG-31, a two-seat interceptor introduced in 1983, is based on the MiG-25 but is modified for less speed and ...
- MiG-9
- (from the article "MiG") The early MiG aircraft were propeller-driven fighters produced in moderate numbers during World War II. The MiG-9, which first flew in 1946, did little more than apply jet propulsion to a piston-engine airframe; but the MiG-15, built with swept-back wings derived from German wartime research and powered by a copy ...
- migmatite
- in geology, rock composed of a metamorphic (altered) host material that is streaked or veined with granite rock; the name means "mixed rock." Such rocks are usually gneissic (banded) and felsic rather than mafic in composition; they may occur on a regional scale in areas of high-grade metamorphism. [1 Related Articles]
- Mignard, Pierre
- painter in the classical French Baroque manner, known primarily for his court portraits.
- Migne, Jacques-Paul
- French Roman Catholic priest who became one of the foremost 19th-century publishers of theological literature. [1 Related Articles]
- Mignet, Francois
- historian and archivist whose clarity of exposition influenced French historical studies in the 19th century.
- Mignon, Abraham
- German Baroque still-life painter.
- Mignone, Emilio Fermin
- Argentine lawyer and founder of the Centre for Legal and Social Studies, which documented human rights abuses committed by the Argentine military during its 1976-83 dictatorship. At the time of his death he was considered Argentina's leading advocate for human rights. [1 Related Articles]
- mignonette
- (from the article "Arras lace") ...lace, stronger than Lille but with similar floral patterns. Arras lace was worn at the coronation (1714) of George I of England. In the 19th century Arras produced a light variety of lace called mignonette. After 1830 the industry declined.
- mignonette
- any of about 60 species of herbs and shrubs making up the genus Reseda (family Resedaceae). They are native to Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia but have been widely introduced elsewhere. Several species have become popular garden flowers. [1 Related Articles]
- migraine
- (from the article "migraine") a condition characterized by painful recurring headaches, sometimes with nausea and vomiting.ILLUSTRATION"La Migraine"<
- migrant labour
- casual and unskilled workers who move about systematically from one region to another offering their services on a temporary, usually seasonal, basis. Migrant labour in various forms is found in South Africa, the Middle East, western Europe, North America, and India. [13 Related Articles]
- migrant smuggling
- (from the article "Social Protection") Irregular migration, human trafficking, and migrant smuggling continued to challenge the ability of countries to regulate the entry and stay of migrants. This was demonstrated most dramatically in October by the highly publicized attempts of several hundred irregular migrants to cross from Morocco into the tiny Spanish enclaves of Ceuta ...
- migration
- in ethology, the regular, usually seasonal, movement of all or part of an animal population to and from a given area. Familiar migrants include many birds; hoofed animals, especially in East Africa and in the Arctic tundra; bats; whales and porpoises; seals; and fishes, such as salmon. [38 Related Articles]
- migration
- (from the article "petroleum") Accumulations of petroleum are usually found in relatively coarse-grained, permeable, and porous sedimentary reservoir rocks that contain little, if any, insoluble organic matter. It is unlikely that the vast quantities of oil now present in some reservoir rocks could have been generated from material of which no trace remains. Therefore, ...
- migration
- (from the article "boreal forest") ...as far south as 30° N latitude by the continental glaciers of Europe, Asia, and North America and by the hyperarid and extremely cold environments of unglaciated Asia and North America. As the glaciers began to retreat gradually about 18,000 years ago, species of the boreal forest began to move ...
- migration
- (from the article "chromatography") ...into the system in a confined region or narrow zone (the origin), whereupon the different species are transported at different rates in the direction of fluid flow. The driving force for solute migration is the moving fluid, and the resistive force is the solute affinity for the stationary phase; the ...
- migration velocity
- (from the article "separation and purification") Rate separation processes are based on differences in the kinetic properties of the components of a mixture, such as the velocity of migration in a medium or of diffusion through semipermeable barriers.
- migratory locust
- (from the article "insect") ...which are transported by winds or flight for hundreds or thousands of miles. These swarms may completely destroy crops in an invaded region. The desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) and migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) are two examples of this type of life cycle.range
- migratory phase
- (from the article "therapeutics") ...a clot, and white blood cells invade the area to remove contamination by foreign material. Local blood vessels dilate to increase blood supply to the area, which hastens healing. In the second, or migratory, phase, fibroblasts and macrophages infiltrate the wound to initiate reconstruction. Capillaries grow in from the periphery, ...
- Miguelite Wars
- (from the article "Quadruple Alliance") ...herself with the liberals against the pretender Don Carlos in the First Carlist War (1833-39). In Portugal the alliance successfully supported Maria da Gloria by intervening in the Miguelite Wars (1828-34) and expelling the reactionary Dom Miguel from Portugal. The cooperation between France and Britain in the affairs of the ...
- Mihaiesti
- (from the article "Arges") ...an oil-processing centre, is the county capital. Manufactures of Pitesti and other towns in the county include machinery, textiles, and paper. Coal and lignite are mined north of Mihaiesti, and salt mines, located near Apa Sarata, were worked from the Roman occupation until the 12th century. A hydroelectric dam, measuring ...
- Mihail, Archbishop
- Macedonian religious leader who, as the scholarly archbishop of Ohrid and Macedonia (1993-99), was head of the independent Orthodox Church of Macedonia and a fierce advocate of Macedonian independence from Yugoslavia and from the Serbian Orthodox Church (b. March 20, 1912, Novo Selo, Macedonia, Ottoman Empire-d. July 6, 1999, Skopje, ...
- Mihailovic, Dragoljub
- army officer and head of the royalist Yugoslav underground army, known as the Chetniks (q.v.), during World War II. [3 Related Articles]
- Mihalache, Ion
- Romanian statesman and popular political leader and founder of the Peasant Party.
- Mihara
- city, Hiroshima ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It is located on the mouth of the Nuta River, at the Bingo Channel of the Inland Sea. The city grew around Mihara Castle (1582), and in the 17th century large tracts of land in the locality were brought under cultivation. Mihara has long ...
- Mihaylovski, S.
- (from the article "Bulgarian literature") Writers of the new independent state, when not preoccupied with celebrating the recent or distant past, eyed critically contemporary society's more negative aspects. In satire, fable, and epigram, S. Mihaylovski with unrelenting bitterness castigated corruption in public life. His most ambitious satire, Kniga za bulgarskia narod (1897; "Book on the ...
- Mihirakula
- (from the article "India") The first Huna king in India was Toramana (early 6th century), whose inscriptions have been found as far south as Eran (Madhya Pradesh). His son Mihirakula, a patron of Shaivism, is recorded in Buddhist tradition as uncouth and extremely cruel. The Gupta rulers, together with Yashodharman of Malava, seem to ...
- mihnah
- any of the Islamic courts of inquiry established about AD 833 by the 'Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun (reigned 813-833) to impose the Mu'tazilite doctrine of a created Qur'an (Islamic sacred scripture) on his subjects. [2 Related Articles]
- Miho Museum
- (from the article "Pei, I.M.") ...Corporate Headquarters (1981), El Paso Tower (1981), the Beijing Fragrant Hill Hotel (1982), and a controversial glass pyramid (1989) for one of the courtyards in the Louvre Museum in Paris. In his Miho Museum (1997) in Shiga, Japan, Pei achieved a harmony between the building, much of it underground, and ...
- Mihr-Naresh
- (from the article "Bahram V") ...of al-Mundhir, the Lakhmid Arab king of al-Hira, in Mesene, whose support helped him gain the throne after the assassination of his father, Yazdegerd I. He was apparently also supported by Mihr-Naresh, chief minister of Yazdegerd's last years, to whom Bahram later delegated much of the governmental administration.
- mihrab
- prayer niche in the qiblah wall (that facing Mecca) of a mosque; mihrabs vary in size but are usually ornately decorated. The mihrab originated in the reign of the Umayyad prince al-Walid I (705-715), during which time the famous mosques at Medina, Jerusalem, and Damascus were built. ... [6 Related Articles]
- Mihragan
- (from the article "Iran, ancient") ...as late as the reign of Yazdegerd I (399-420). On the days of the important festivals, such as Nogruz (Noruz), the first day of the vernal equinox, and on the day of Mihragan (the 16th day of the seventh month), the sacred fire was displayed to the faithful (
- Mijailovic, Mijailo
- (from the article "Sweden") ...the country still struggled to come to terms with the murder of Anna Lindh, the country's foreign minister who was stabbed to death on a private shopping trip in central Stockholm in September 2003. Mijailo Mijailovic, a 25-year-old Swede of Serbian parentage, was convicted in March 2004 of the murder ...
- Mijin hayeren
- (from the article "Armenian language") Several distinct varieties of the Armenian language can be distinguished: Old Armenian (Grabar), Middle Armenian (Mijin hayeren), and Modern Armenian, or Asxarhabar (Ashkharhabar). Modern Armenian embraces two written varieties-Western Armenian (Arewmtahayeren) and Eastern Armenian (Arewelahayeren)-and many dialects are spoken. About 50 dialects were...
- Miju
- (from the article "Mishmi") ...about 35,000 in the late 20th century, the Mishmi live along the valleys of the Dibang (where they are known as Midu) and Luhit rivers. Those of the Luhit Valley are divided into two groups, the Miju on the upper Luhit and the Digaru on that river's lower reaches.
- Mikael Sehul
- nobleman who ruled Ethiopia for a period of 25 years as regent of a series of weak emperors. He brought to an end the ancient Solomonid dynasty of Ethiopia, which had ruled for 27 centuries, and began a long period of political unrest.
- Mikael, Kabbada
- (from the article "theatre, African") An important Ethiopian playwright is Kabbada Mikael, whose historical play Hannibal was performed at the Festival of Arts in Dakar, Senegal, in 1966. The best-known work of Mangistu Lamma is Yalaccha Gabbiccha ("Marriage of Unequals"), which deals with social inequality; it was staged for ...
- Mikal
- in Islam, the archangel who was so shocked at the sight of hell when it was created that he never laughed again. In biblical literature Michael is the counterpart of Mikal. In Muslim legend, Mikal and Jibril were the first angels to obey God's order to worship Adam. The two ... [2 Related Articles]
- Mikan, George
- American professional basketball player and executive who was selected in an Associated Press poll in 1950 as the greatest basketball player of the first half of the 20th century. Standing about 6 feet 10 inches (2.08 metres), he was the first of the outstanding big men in the post-World War ... [4 Related Articles]
- Mikardo, Ian
- British politician (b. July 9, 1908, Portsmouth, Hampshire, England--d. May 6, 1993, Stockport, Greater Manchester, England), was one of the Labour Party's most outspoken and influential members of Parliament (1945-59; 1964-87) although he was never named to a ministerial post and remained a backbencher all his life. Mikardo, the son ...
- Mikati, Najib
- (from the article "Lebanon") ...unnaturalized Palestinian refugees estimated to number about 400,000) | Capital: Beirut | Chief of state: President Gen. Emile Lahoud | Head of government: Prime Ministers Omar Karami, Najib Mikati from April 19, and, from July 19, Fouad Siniora |
- Mikawachi porcelain
- Japanese porcelain of the Tokugawa period (1603-1867) from the kilns at Mikawachi on the island of Hirado, Hizen province, now in Nagasaki prefecture. Although the kilns were established by Korean potters in the 17th century, it was not until 1751, when they came under the patronage of the prince of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Mike
- (from the article "nuclear weapon") ...Fermi's, who was at Los Alamos in the summer of 1951, was primarily responsible for transforming Teller and Ulam's theoretical ideas into a workable engineering design for the device used in the Mike test. The Mike device weighed 82 tons, in part because of cryogenic (low-temperature) refrigeration equipment necessary to ...
- Mikeno
- (from the article "Virunga Mountains") The six volcanoes of the centre and east are extinct. Mikeno and Sabinio are the oldest of these, dating from the early part of the Pleistocene Epoch (the Pleistocene began about 1,800,000 years ago and lasted until about 10,000 years ago); their craters have disappeared, and erosion has imposed a ...
- Mikhailau, Anatol
- (from the article "Belarus") ...On July 28 the authorities closed the European Humanities University, the only university in Belarus outside state control. The action was the culmination of a lengthy campaign to remove the rector, Anatol Mikhailau, a renowned scholar.
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