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Hindenburg Line ... Hippon

Hindenburg Line defensive barrier improvised by the German army on the Western Front in World War I. Faced with substantial numerical inferiority and a dwindling firepower advantage, the new German commanders, Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg and Gen. Erich Ludendorff, shortened their lines and installed concrete pillboxes armed with machine guns as ... Hindenburg, Paul von German field marshal during World War I and second president of the Weimar Republic (1925-34). His presidential terms were wracked by political instability, economic depression, and the rise to power of Adolf Hitler, whom he appointed chancellor in 1933. Hindi language member of the Indo-Aryan group within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. It is the preferred official language of India, although much national business is also done in English and the other languages recognized in the Indian constitution. In India, Hindi is spoken as a first language by ... Hindi literature the writings of the western Braj Bhasa and Khari Boli and of the eastern Awadhi and Bundeli dialects of the Indian subcontinent and also the writings of parts of Rajasthan in the west and of Bihar in the east that, strictly speaking, are not Hindi at all. Hindi literature also ... Hindu calendar dating system used in India from about 1000 BCE and still used to establish dates of the Hindu religious year. It is based on a year of 12 lunar months; i.e., 12 full cycles of phases of the Moon. The discrepancy between the lunar year of about 354 days and ... Hindu Kush great mountain system of Central Asia. Broadly defined, it is some 500 miles (800 km) long and as wide as 150 miles (240 km). Hindu, The English-language daily newspaper published in Chennai (Madras), generally regarded as one of India's most influential dailies. Hindu-Arabic numerals Set of 10 symbols-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0-that represent numbers in the decimal number system. They originated in India in the 6th or 7th century and were introduced to Europe through Arab mathematicians around the 12th century (see al-Khwarizmi). They represented a profound break with ... Hinduism major world religion originating on the Indian subcontinent and comprising several and varied systems of philosophy, belief, and ritual. Although the name Hinduism is relatively new, having been coined by British writers in the first decades of the 19th century, it refers to a rich cumulative tradition of texts and ... Hindustan historically, northern India, in contrast to the Deccan, or southern India. This area can be defined more particularly as the basin of the five Punjab rivers and the upper Indo-Gangetic Plain. As a mostly fertile and well-populated corridor situated between walls of mountain, desert, and sea, Hindustan has been regarded ... Hindustani language lingua franca of India. Hindustani began to develop during the 13th century CE in and around the Indian cities of Delhi and Meerut in response to the increasing linguistic diversity that resulted from Muslim hegemony. In the 19th century its use was widely promoted by the British, who initiated an ... Hindustani music one of the two principal types of South Asian classical music, found mainly in the northern three-fourths of the subcontinent, where Indo-Aryan languages are spoken. (The other principal type, Karnatak music, is found in the Dravidian-speaking region of southern India.) The two systems diverged gradually, beginning in the 13th century, ... Hine, Lewis W. American photographer who used his art to bring social ills to public attention. Hines, Earl American jazz pianist, bandleader, and composer whose unique playing style made him one of the most influential musicians in jazz history. Hines, Gregory American tap dancer, actor, and choreographer who was a major figure in the revitalization of tap dancing in the late 20th century. Hingham town (township), Plymouth county, eastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies on Hingham Harbor (an inlet of Massachusetts Bay), about 15 miles (24 km) southeast of Boston. Settled in 1633, it was incorporated in 1635 and named for Hingham, England. During the 19th century it was a bustling industrial town (iron tools, ... Hingis, Martina Czech-born Swiss professional tennis player who became the youngest person in the "open" era to win a Grand Slam singles title and the youngest to be ranked world number one. In her relatively short, injury-plagued career, she won five Grand Slam tournaments-the Australian Open (1997, 1998, 1999), Wimbledon (1997), and ... Hinn Island island, in the Norwegian Sea, northern Norway. Forming part of the Vesteralen group and with an area of 849 square miles (2,198 square km), it is Norway's second largest island after Spitsbergen (principal island of Svalbard). It is separated from the mainland by the narrow Tjeld Strait. Irregularly shaped and ... Hino city, eastern Tokyo to (metropolis), east-central Honshu, Japan. It is located on the Tama River on the railway linking Tachikawa and Hachioji. Hino was a post town and ferry station during the Edo (Tokugawa) period (1603-1867). The city is now part of the Keihin Industrial Region, producing automobiles, electrical machinery, ... Hinode a Japanese-U.S.-U.K. satellite that carried a 50-cm (20-inch) solar optical telescope, a 34-cm (13-inch) X-ray telescope, and an extreme ultraviolet imaging spectrometer to observe changes in intense solar magnetic fields that were associated with solar flares and coronal mass ejections. It was launched on Sept. 23, 2006, from Japan's Uchinoura ... Hinshelwood, Sir Cyril Norman British chemist who worked on reaction rates and reaction mechanisms, particularly that of the combination of hydrogen and oxygen to form water, one of the most fundamental combining reactions in chemistry. For this work he shared the 1956 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with the Soviet scientist Nikolay Semyonov. Hinsley, Arthur English Roman Catholic cardinal and fifth archbishop of Westminster who was an outspoken opponent of the fascist powers during World War II. hinterland tributary region, either rural or urban or both, that is closely linked economically with a nearby town or city. Hinthada town, southwestern Myanmar (Burma). Hinthada is situated along the Irrawaddy River opposite Tharrawaw, with which it is linked by ferry, at a point considered to be the head of the Irrawaddy's delta. It is a port for the rice and tobacco grown in the surrounding agricultural area and is connected ... Hinton city, seat (1871) of Summers county, southeastern West Virginia, U.S., on the New River, near the mouth of the Greenbrier River. Laid out in 1831, it became a railway maintenance facility and rail-shipping point in 1871 with the arrival of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway. The early 20th century was ... Hinton, Christopher Hinton, Baron engineer who was a leading figure in the development of the nuclear energy industry in Britain; he supervised the construction of Calder Hall, the world's first large-scale nuclear power station (opened in 1956). Hinton, Milt African American jazz musician, a highly versatile bassist who came of age in the swing era and became one of the favourite bassists of post-World War II jazz. hip in anatomy, the joint between the thighbone (femur) and the pelvis; also the area adjacent to this joint. The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint; the round head of the femur rests in a cavity (the acetabulum) that allows free rotation of the limb. Amphibians and reptiles have relatively weak ... HIP 13044b first extrasolar planet that was found orbiting a star that originated outside the Milky Way Galaxy. HIP 13044b has a mass at least 1.25 times that of Jupiter and orbits its host star, HIP 13044, every 16.2 days at a distance of 17.4 million km (10.8 million miles). It was ... hip dysplasia in dogs, abnormal development of the hip joint on one or both sides of the body, occurring primarily in medium and large breeds. Its clinical signs include decreased ability to endure exercise, lameness in the hind limbs, reluctance to climb stairs, and pain coincident with hip movement. The abnormality of ... hip roof roof that slopes upward from all sides of a structure, having no vertical ends. The hip is the external angle at which adjacent sloping sides of a roof meet. The degree of such an angle is referred to as the hip bevel. The triangular sloping surface formed by hips that ... hip-hop cultural movement that attained widespread popularity in the 1980s and '90s; also, the backing music for rap, the musical style incorporating rhythmic and/or rhyming speech that became the movement's most lasting and influential art form. Hipparchus Greek astronomer and mathematician who made fundamental contributions to the advancement of astronomy as a mathematical science and to the foundations of trigonometry. Although he is commonly ranked among the greatest scientists of antiquity, very little is known about his life, and only one of his many writings is still ... Hipparcos Earth-orbiting satellite launched by the European Space Agency in 1989 that over the next four years measured the distances to more than 100,000 stars by direct triangulation using observations of parallax from either side of Earth's orbit around the Sun. It was named after the ancient Greek astronomer Hipparchus, who ... Hippasus of Metapontum philosopher, early follower of Pythagoras, coupled by Aristotle with Heraclitus in identifying fire as the first element in the universe. Some traditions say that he was drowned after revealing a mathematical secret of the Pythagorean brotherhood. Hippel, Theodor Gottlieb von German writer of the late Enlightenment and a disciple of the philosopher Immanuel Kant. Although he was a minor writer of his time, his works enjoyed an unusually long-lasting popularity and can now be seen to have foreshadowed the novels of Jean Paul (Johann Paul Friedrich Richter). Hippias tyrant of Athens from 528/527 to 510 BC. He was a patron of poets and craftsmen, and under his rule Athens prospered. After the assassination of his brother Hipparchus (514), however, Hippias was driven to repressive measures. An attempt by nobles in exile to force their way back failed, but ... Hippias Of Elis Sophist philosopher who contributed significantly to mathematics by discovering the quadratrix, a special curve he may have used to trisect an angle. hippie member, during the 1960s and 1970s, of a countercultural movement that rejected the mores of mainstream American life. The movement originated on college campuses in the United States, although it spread to other countries, including Canada and Britain. The name derived from "hip," a term applied to the Beats of ... Hippo either of two ancient ports on the coast of North Africa. hippocampus region of the brain that is associated primarily with memory. The name hippocampus is derived from the Greek hippokampus (hippos, meaning "horse," and kampos, meaning "sea monster"), since the structure's shape resembles that of a sea horse. The hippocampus, which is located in the inner (medial) region of the temporal ... Hippocrates ancient Greek physician who lived during Greece's Classical period and is traditionally regarded as the father of medicine. It is difficult to isolate the facts of Hippocrates' life from the later tales told about him or to assess his medicine accurately in the face of centuries of reverence for him ... Hippocrates of Chios Greek geometer who compiled the first known work on the elements of geometry nearly a century before Euclid. Although the work is no longer extant, Euclid may have used it as a model for his Elements. Hippocratic oath ethical code attributed to the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates, adopted as a guide to conduct by the medical profession throughout the ages and still used in the graduation ceremonies of many medical schools. Although little is known of the life of Hippocrates-or, indeed, if he was the only practitioner of ... hippodrome ancient Greek stadium designed for horse racing and especially chariot racing. Its Roman counterpart was called a circus and is best represented by the Circus Maximus (q.v.). The typical hippodrome was dug into a hillside and the excavated material used to construct an embankment for supporting seats on the opposite ... hippogriff a legendary animal that has the foreparts of a winged griffin and the body and hindquarters of a horse. The creature was invented by Ludovico Ariosto in his Orlando furioso and was based on a proverbial phrase about crossing a griffin with a horse that was used to signify an ... Hippolytus minor divinity in Greek religion. At Athens he was associated with Aphrodite, the goddess of love; at Troezen, girls just before marrying dedicated to him a lock of their hair. To the Greeks his name might suggest that he was destroyed by horses. Hippolytus play by Euripides, performed in 428 BCE. The action concerns the revenge of Aphrodite, the goddess of love and sexual desire, on Hippolytus, a hunter and sportsman who is repelled by sexual passion and who is instead devoted to the virgin huntress Artemis. Hippolytus of Rome, Saint Christian martyr who was also the first antipope (217/218-235). Hippolytus, Canons of Saint a collection of 38 canons (church regulations) preserved in an Arabic translation. The original text was Greek and written in Egypt; the Arabic version may rest on a Coptic translation. Hippon philosopher who revived the belief of the 6th-century philosopher Thales that the world originated from water or moisture. He held that fire first originated from water and that these two, operating as contrary forces, produced the physical cosmos. But he was more especially concerned with medicine and physiology, advancing the ...