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grunge ... Guaman Poma de Ayala, Felipe

grunge genre of rock music that flourished in the late 1980s and early 1990s and, secondarily, its attendant fashion. The term grunge was first used to describe the murky-guitar bands (most notably Nirvana and Pearl Jam) that emerged from Seattle, Washington, in the late 1980s as a bridge between mainstream 1980s ... Grunge, a Fleeting Fashion Rage: Year in Review 1994 In the MTV era, music groups reign as trendsetters in the realm of clothing styles for U.S. youth. This phenomenon helped provide an explanation for the relatively short-lived explosion of grunge, which started in Seattle, Wash., and eventually echoed in Europe. grunion (species Leuresthes tenuis), small Pacific fish of the family Atherinidae (order Atheriniformes). The species is found in the Pacific Ocean along the western coast of the United States. A unique feature of the grunion's breeding biology results in its spawning on particular nights during the warm months, just after the ... grunt any of about 150 species of marine fishes of the family Haemulidae (Pomadasyidae) in the order Perciformes. Grunts are found along shores in warm and tropical waters of the major oceans. They are snapperlike but lack canine teeth. They are named for the piglike grunts they can produce with their ... Gruppe 47 informal association of German-speaking writers that was founded in 1947 (hence its name). Gruppe 47 originated with a group of war prisoners in the United States who were concerned with reestablishing the broken traditions of German literature. Feeling that Nazi propaganda had corrupted their language, they advocated a style of ... Gruppo 63 avant-garde Italian literary movement of the 1960s. It was composed of Italian intellectuals who shared the desire for a radical break from the conformity present in traditional Italian society. Grus constellation in the southern sky at about 22 hours right ascension and 45 south in declination. Its brightest star is Al Na'ir (from the Arabic for "the bright one"), with a magnitude of 1.7. This constellation was invented by Pieter Dircksz Keyser, a navigator who joined the first Dutch expedition ... Grusi ethnolinguistic group among the inhabitants of northern Ghana and adjacent areas of Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta) and Togo. The linguistic groups and subgroups of the area are difficult to classify with certitude, but the Grusi languages make up a subbranch of the Gur (Voltaic) branch of the Niger-Congo language ... Gruyere hard cow's-milk cheese produced in the vicinity of La Gruyere in southern Switzerland and in the Alpine Comte and Savoie regions of eastern France. Grybauskaite, Dalia Lithuanian politician who served as president of Lithuania (2009- ); she was the first woman to hold the post. Gryphaea extinct molluskan genus found as fossils in rocks from the Jurassic Period to the Eocene Epoch (between 199.6 million and 33.9 million years ago). Related to the oysters, Gryphaea is characterized by its distinctively convoluted shape. The left valve, or shell, was much larger and more convoluted than the flattish ... Gryphius, Andreas lyric poet and dramatist, one of Germany's leading writers in the 17th century. Gstaad Alpine village and resort, Bern canton, west-central Switzerland, lying in the valley of the Saane River. Situated on the northwest side of the Bernese Alps, the village is a summer resort (with golf and tennis tournaments) and is also a fashionable winter-sports centre. Winter events in Gstaad include an annual ... gsung-'bum the collected writings of a Tibetan or Mongolian lama. These series of works represent an indigenous contribution to Buddhist thought, as distinguished from the numerous texts originating in India and collected in the canonical Bka'-'gyur and the supplementary Bstan-'gyur. GTE Corporation U.S. holding company for several U.S. and international telephone companies. It also manufactures electronic consumer and industrial equipment. It is headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut. gtor-ma sacrificial cakes used in Tibetan Buddhist ceremonies as offerings to deities. The unbaked cakes are prepared by kneading parched barley flour and butter into the shapes of cones, decorated with pats of butter. The cakes form part of the phyi-mchod, or eight offerings of external worship, as well as part ... Gtsang dynasty Chinese royal dynasty (c. 1565-1642) whose rule was centred in the province of Gtsang, or gTsang. The Gtsang was the last secular native ruling house in Tibet. After overthrowing the previous Rin-spung rulers of the country in about 1565, the Gtsang kings allied themselves with the powerful Karma-pa, or Red ... gu type of Chinese vessel, it was a tall wine beaker with a trumpet-shaped top, a restricted centre section, and a slightly flared base; the whole silhouette was unusually taut and graceful. Decoration found on the gu includes snakes, cicadas, the taotie, or monster mask, and the gui, or dragonlike monster ... gu any of several sizes and shapes of Chinese drum, with a body that is usually made of wood and a head that is usually made of animal skin. Two-headed gu may be barrel-shaped, cylindrical, or hourglass-shaped. Single-headed gu, such as the bangu, may be in the shape of a deep ... Gu Kaizhi one of the earliest many-faceted artists in China, he probably set new standards for figure painting. Gu Kaizhi was an eccentric courtier who is most famous as a painter of portraits and figure subjects and as a poet. Gu Yanwu one of the most famous of the Ming dynasty loyalists, whose rationalist critiques of the useless book learning and metaphysical speculations of neo-Confucian philosophy (which had been the underpinning of the Chinese empire for almost 1,000 years) started a new trend in scholarship during the Qing dynasty. His works eventually ... Guacanayabo, Gulf of inlet of the Caribbean Sea, southeastern Cuba. The gulf stretches in a broad horseshoe shape from the southern coast of Camaguey province approximately 70 mi (110 km) to the southwestern shore of Granma province, north of Cabo (cape) Cruz. It is shallow and dotted with coral reefs, and the Gran ... Guadalajara city, capital of Jalisco estado (state), west-central Mexico. It lies roughly in the centre of the state, in the Atemajac Valley near the Rio Grande de Santiago, at an elevation of about 5,100 feet (1,550 metres). Its climate is dry and mild except for the rainy season, which extends from ... Guadalajara city, capital of Guadalajara provincia (province), in the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Castile-La Mancha, central Spain. It is situated on the Henares River northeast of Madrid. The city, the ancient Arriaca, is Iberian in origin and was for a time held by the Romans, but its name is ... Guadalajara provincia (province) in the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Castile-La Mancha, central Spain, occupying part of the uptilted northeastern edge of the Meseta Central (plateau). In the north are highlands that reach their greatest elevations in Cerro de San Felipe (7,214 feet [2,199 metres]), and other spurs of the Sierra ... Guadalajara, University of coeducational state-supported autonomous institution of higher learning at Guadalajara, Mex., founded in 1792 and restructured in 1925. Dissident students and professors from the university formed a private Autonomous University of Guadalajara (1935), which continues to exist independently. The original university includes faculties covering a wide range of academic and professional ... Guadalcanal Island largest island of the country of Solomon Islands, southwestern Pacific Ocean. The island has an area of 2,047 square miles (5,302 square km) and is of volcanic origin. It has a mountainous spine (Kavo Range) that culminates in Mount Popomanaseu (7,644 feet [2,330 metres]), the highest point in the country. ... Guadalcanal, Battle of (August 1942-February 1943), series of World War II land and sea clashes between Allied and Japanese forces on and around Guadalcanal, one of the southern Solomon Islands, in the South Pacific. Japanese troops had landed on Guadalcanal on July 6, 1942, and had begun constructing an airfield there. On August ... Guadalquivir River major watercourse of southern Spain. Rising in the mountains of Jaen province, it flows in a generally westward direction for 408 miles (657 km), emptying into the Atlantic Ocean at Sanlucar de Barrameda, on the Gulf of Cadiz. It drains an area of 22,318 square miles (57,803 square km). Guadalupe city, central Nuevo Leon estado (state), northeastern Mexico. It lies 672 feet (205 metres) above sea level on the Santa Catarina River, about 3 miles (5 km) east of Monterrey, the state capital. Guadalupe is primarily an agricultural centre. Corn (maize) is the principal crop in the environs, but chick-peas ... Guadalupe town, Caceres provincia (province), in the Extremadura comunidad autonoma (autonomous community), southwestern Spain. It lies on the southeastern slopes of the Guadalupe Mountains near the Guadalupejo River east of Caceres city. The town is famous for its monastery, which had its origins as a small hermitage built in the early ... Guadalupe county, central New Mexico, U.S., an arid plains area dotted with hills and red mesas and marked by a few arroyos. The county lies mostly in the Pecos River valley, rising in the east to a High Plains region. The Pecos makes an irregular curve through the county from northwest ... Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty of (Feb. 2, 1848), treaty between the United States and Mexico that ended the Mexican War. It was signed at Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo, which is a northern neighbourhood of Mexico City. The treaty drew the boundary between the United States and Mexico at the Rio Grande and the Gila River; ... Guadalupe Mountains National Park rugged mountain mass of uplifted marine fossil reef in the Chihuahuan Desert of western Texas, U.S., just southwest of Carlsbad Caverns National Park. The park, authorized in 1966 and established in 1972, has an area of 135 square miles (350 square km). Guadalupe Peak highest point (8,749 feet [2,667 metres]) in Texas, U.S. The peak is situated in Culberson county, 100 miles (160 km) east of the city of El Paso. Guadalupe Peak is part of the Guadalupe Mountains (a division of the Sacramento Mountains), and together with its twin, El Capitan (8,078 feet ... Guadalupe, Basilica of Roman Catholic church that is the chief religious centre of Mexico, located in Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo, a northern neighbourhood of Mexico City. The church was erected near the spot where two apparitions of the Virgin are said to have appeared to an Indian convert named Juan Diego in December ... Guadalupe, Our Lady of in Roman Catholicism, the Virgin Mary in her appearance before Juan Diego in a vision in 1531. The name also refers to the Marian apparition itself. Our Lady of Guadalupe holds a special place in the religious life of Mexico and is one of the most popular religious devotions. Her ... Guadeloupe overseas departement and overseas region of France consisting of a group of islands in the Lesser Antilles chain in the eastern Caribbean Sea. The nearest neighbours of the principal islands are the British overseas territory of Montserrat to the northwest and the republic of Dominica to the south. The island ... Guadet, Marguerite-Elie a leader of the Girondin faction of moderate bourgeois revolutionaries during the French Revolution. Guadiana River one of the longest streams of the Iberian Peninsula, flowing generally westward through south-central Spain and southeastern Portugal to the Gulf of Cadiz in the Atlantic Ocean. The river has a drainage area of 23,455 square miles (60,748 square km), a length of 483 miles (778 km), and about 30 ... Guadix town, Granada provincia (province), in the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southern Spain, northeast of Granada city. The town originated as the Acci of the Romans; its present name was corrupted from the Arabic Wadi-Ash ("River of Life"). Outstanding landmarks include the Moorish Alcazaba (fortress); the 18th-century Renaissance and ... Guahibo and Chiricoa two South American Indian groups inhabiting the savannas along the Orinoco River in eastern Colombia; some Guahibo also live east of the Orinoco in Venezuela. They speak closely related languages or dialects of Guahiboan and are otherwise culturally indistinguishable. Guainia departamento, eastern Colombia, bounded by the Guaviare River to the north, Venezuela to the east, and Brazil to the south. It lies between the Amazon River basin to the south and the Llanos (plains) to the north and consists of savannas and tropical rainforest. Guainia River in northwest South America, one of the headstreams of the Negro River (q.v.). It rises in the rain forest of eastern Colombia and flows east, then northeast and southeast, forming part of the Colombia-Venezuela border. After 400 miles (640 km), the Guainia joins the Casiquiare River near San Carlos de ... Guaira Falls former waterfalls on the Upper Parana River at the Brazil-Paraguay border, just west of Guaira, Brazil. Visited by Jesuit missionaries in the 16th century, the falls were supposedly named for a Guarani Indian chief. The Portuguese name refers only to the seven (sete) principal cataracts; there were 18 falls. Guajara-Mirim city and river port, western Rondonia estado (state), western Brazil. It lies along the Mamore River. Primarily a transportation centre of regional importance, Guajara-Mirim has handled traffic in such products as rubber, lumber, and babassu palm oil. The city has a small port for shallow-draft vessels, has one airport, and ... Guajira Peninsula, La peninsula on the northwestern coast of South America. It is bounded by the Caribbean Sea to the north and west, the Gulf of Venezuela to the southeast, and the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and Sierra de Perija to the south. Much of the peninsula lies in northeastern Colombia; the ... Gualeguaychu city, southeastern Entre Rios provincia (province), northeastern Argentina, on the Gualeguay River near the Uruguayan border. Cattle, poultry, and grains from the agricultural and pastoral hinterland are processed in the city. It is also a regional cultural centre, housing a museum of natural history and fine arts. Buenos Aires ... Guam island and unincorporated territory of the United States in the north Pacific Ocean, the largest, most populous, and southernmost of the Mariana Islands. It lies about 5,800 miles (9,300 km) west of San Francisco and 1,600 miles (2,600 km) east of Manila. Hagatna (Agana) is the capital. Major settlements are ... Guam, flag of U.S. territorial flag consisting of a dark blue field (background) bordered in red and bearing at its centre a red-bordered ellipse containing a brown boat with a white sail on a dark blue sea, a light blue sky, a gray cliff in the background, and yellow sand in the foreground ... Guaman Poma de Ayala, Felipe native Peruvian author and illustrator of El primer nueva coronica y buen gobierno (1612-15; "The First New Chronicle and Good Government").