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Galle, Johann Gottfried ... Galveston

Galle, Johann Gottfried German astronomer who on Sept. 23, 1846, was the first to observe the planet Neptune. Gallegos, Romulo president of Venezuela (in 1948) and novelist, best known for his forceful novels that dramatize the overpowering natural aspects of the Venezuelan Llanos (grasslands), the local folklore, and such social events as alligator hunts. Gallehus Horns pair of gold, horn-shaped artifacts from 5th-century Scandinavia that constituted the most notable examples of goldwork of that period. They were unearthed at Gallehus, Jutland, Den., in 1639 and 1734 and were stolen and melted down in 1802. Replicas made from drawings are now in the Danish National Museum, Copenhagen. ... galleon full-rigged sailing ship that was built primarily for war, and which developed in the 15th and 16th centuries. The name derived from "galley," which had come to be synonymous with "war vessel" and whose characteristic beaked prow the new ship retained. A high, square forecastle rose behind the bow, the ... gallery in architecture, any covered passage that is open at one side, such as a portico or a colonnade. More specifically, in late medieval and Renaissance Italian architecture, it is a narrow balcony or platform running the length of a wall. In Romanesque architecture, especially in Italy and Germany, an arcaded ... gallery grave long chamber grave, a variant of the collective tomb burials that spread into western and northwestern Europe from the Aegean area during the final stage of the northern Stone Age (c. 2000 BCE). In the Severn-Cotswold area of Britain, the gallery graves have pairs of side chambers. Segmented graves with ... galley large seagoing vessel propelled primarily by oars. The Egyptians, Cretans, and other ancient peoples used sail-equipped galleys for both war and commerce. The Phoenicians were apparently the first to introduce the bireme (about 700 BC), which had two banks of oars staggered on either side of the vessel, with the ... galley warfare sea warfare fought between forces equipped with specialized oar-driven warships, particularly in the Mediterranean Sea, where it originated in antiquity and continued into the age of gunpowder. Galli priests, often temple attendants or wandering mendicants, of the ancient Asiatic deity, the Great Mother of the Gods, known as Cybele, or Agdistis, in Greek and Latin literature. The Galli were eunuchs attired in female garb, with long hair fragrant with ointment. Together with priestesses, they celebrated the Great Mother's ... Galli-Curci, Amelita Italian-born American singer, one of the outstanding operatic sopranos of her time. Gallia Comata (Three Gauls), in Roman antiquity, the land of Gaul that included the three provinces of (1) Aquitania, bordered by the Bay of Biscay on the west and the Pyrenees on the south; (2) Celtica (or Gallia Lugdunensis), with Lugdunum (Lyon) as its capital, on the eastern border of Gaul and ... Galliano, John British fashion designer known for his ready-to-wear and haute-couture collections for such fashion houses as Christian Dior and Givenchy. galliard (French gaillard: "lively"), vigorous 16th-century European court dance. Its four hopping steps and one high leap permitted athletic gentlemen to show off for their partners. Performed as the afterdance of the stately pavane, the galliard originated in 15th-century Italy. It was especially fashionable from c. 1530 to 1620 in France, ... gallic acid substance occurring in many plants, either in the free state or combined as gallotannin. It is present to the extent of 40-60 percent combined as gallotannic acid in tara (any of various plants of the genus Caesalpinia) and in Aleppo and Chinese galls (swellings of plant tissue), from which it ... Gallic Wars (58-50 BC), campaigns in which the Roman proconsul Julius Caesar conquered Gaul. Clad in the bloodred cloak he usually wore "as his distinguishing mark of battle," Caesar led his troops to victories throughout the province, his major triumph being the defeat of the Gallic army led by the chieftain Vercingetorix, ... Gallican chant music of the ancient Latin Roman Catholic liturgy in the Gaul of the Franks from about the 5th to the 9th century. Scholars assume that a simple and uniform liturgy existed in western Europe until the end of the 5th century and that only in the 6th century did the ... Gallican Confession statement of faith adopted in 1559 in Paris by the first National Synod of the Reformed Church of France. Based on a 35-article draft of a confession prepared by John Calvin, which he sent with representatives from Geneva to the French synod, the draft was revised by his pupil Antoine ... Gallicanism a complex of French ecclesiastical and political doctrines and practices advocating restriction of papal power; it characterized the life of the Roman Catholic Church in France at certain periods. Gallieni, Joseph-Simon French army officer figure who successfully directed the pacification of the French Sudan and Madagascar and the integration of those African territories into the French colonial empire. Gallienus Roman emperor jointly with his father, Valerian, from 253 until 260, then sole emperor to 268. Galliffet, Gaston-Alexandre-Auguste, marquis de, Prince De Martigues French military leader who severely suppressed revolts in the Paris Commune in 1871. galliform any of the gallinaceous (that is, fowl-like or chickenlike) birds. The order includes about 290 species, of which the best-known are the turkeys, chickens, quail, partridge, pheasant and peacock (Phasianidae); guinea fowl (Numididae); and grouse (Tetraonidae). Lesser-known members of the order are the megapodes and the chachalacas, guans, and curassows. ... Gallimard, Gaston French publisher whose firm was one of the most influential publishing houses of the 20th century. Gallinas, Point the northernmost point of mainland South America. It is part of La Guajira Peninsula in northern Colombia, where it juts out into the Caribbean Sea. gallinule any of several species of marsh birds belonging to the rail family, Rallidae, in the order Gruiformes. Gallinules occur in temperate, tropical, and subtropical regions worldwide and are about the size of bantam hens but with a compressed body like the related rails and coots. They are about 30 to ... Gallio, Junius Roman official who dismissed the charges brought by the Jews against the apostle Paul (Acts 18:12-17). Gallipoli seaport and town, European Turkey. It lies on a narrow peninsula where the Dardanelles opens into the Sea of Marmara, 126 miles (203 km) west-southwest of Istanbul. An important Byzantine fortress, it was the first Ottoman conquest (c. 1356) in Europe and was maintained as a naval base because of ... Gallipolis city, seat (1803) of Gallia county, southern Ohio, U.S., on the Ohio River, near its junction with the Kanawha River, about 30 miles (50 km) north-northeast of Huntington, W.Va. The third oldest European settlement in Ohio, it was founded in 1790 by the Scioto Company for Royalists fleeing the French ... Gallitzin, Demetrius Augustine one of the first Roman Catholic priests to serve as a missionary to European immigrants in the United States during the early 19th century. He was known as the "Apostle of the Alleghenies." gallium chemical element, metal of main Group 13 (IIIa, or boron group) of the periodic table. It liquefies just above room temperature. gallop accelerated canter in which the rider's weight is brought sharply forward as the horse reaches speeds up to 30 miles (50 km) an hour. Galloway traditional region, southwestern Scotland, comprising the historic counties of Kirkcudbrightshire and Wigtownshire, which form the central and western portions of Dumfries and Galloway council area. Galloway is bounded by the historic county of Ayrshire (council areas of South Ayrshire and East Ayrshire) on the north, the historic county of Dumfriesshire ... Galloway, Joseph distinguished American colonial attorney and legislator who remained loyal to Great Britain at the time of the American Revolution (1775-83). His effort in 1774 to settle differences peacefully narrowly missed adoption by the Continental Congress. He was, perhaps, the greatest of the colonial loyalists. gallstone concretion composed of crystalline substances (usually cholesterol, bile pigments, and calcium salts) embedded in a small amount of protein material formed most often in the gallbladder. The most common type of gallstone consists principally of cholesterol; its occurrence has been linked to secretion by the liver of bile that is ... Gallup city, seat (1901) of McKinley county, northwestern New Mexico, U.S., on the Puerco River, near the Arizona state line. Settled in 1880 as a Westward Overland Stagecoach stop, it became a construction headquarters for the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad and was named for David L. Gallup, railroad paymaster; when railroad ... Gallup, George Horace American public-opinion statistician whose Gallup Poll became almost synonymous with public-opinion surveys. Gallup helped to advance the public's trust in survey research in 1936 when he, Elmo Roper, and Archibald Crossley, acting independently but using similar sampling methods, accurately forecast the victory of Franklin D. Roosevelt over Alfred M. Landon ... Gallus Roman emperor from 251 to 253. Gallus Caesar ruler of the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire, with the title of caesar, from 351 to 354. Gallus, Gaius Cornelius Roman soldier and poet, famous for four books of poems to his mistress "Lycoris" (the actress Volumnia, stage name Cytheris), which, in ancient opinion, made him the first of the four greatest Roman elegiac poets. Galois, Evariste French mathematician famous for his contributions to the part of higher algebra now known as group theory. His theory provided a solution to the long-standing question of determining when an algebraic equation can be solved by radicals (a solution containing square roots, cube roots, and so on but no trigonometry ... Galswintha daughter of Athanagild, Visigothic king of Spain, and Goisuintha; sister of Brunhild, queen of Austrasia; and wife of Chilperic I, the Merovingian king of Neustria. Galswintha and Chilperic were married at Rouen in 567, but soon afterward she died under suspicious circumstances, apparently at the instigation of Chilperic's mistress Fredegund, ... Galsworthy, John English novelist and playwright, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1932. Galt, John prolific Scottish novelist admired for his depiction of country life. Galt, Sir Alexander Tilloch Canadian businessman, statesman, and influential early advocate of federation. Galton, Sir Francis English explorer, anthropologist, and eugenicist, known for his pioneering studies of human intelligence. He was knighted in 1909. Galty Mountains mountain range, extending across the border between southwestern County Tipperary and southeastern County Limerick, southern Ireland. The range has the east-west trend characteristic of the extreme south of the country. The highest peaks are formed of sandstone, the highest point being Galtymore (3,018 feet [920 m]). The mountains bear strong ... Galuppi, Baldassare Italian composer whose comic operas won him the title "father of the opera buffa." His nickname derives from his birthplace, Burano. Galvani, Luigi Italian physician and physicist who investigated the nature and effects of what he conceived to be electricity in animal tissue. His discoveries led to the invention of the voltaic pile, a kind of battery that makes possible a constant source of current electricity. galvanizing protection of iron or steel against exposure to the atmosphere and consequent rusting by application of a zinc coating. Properly applied, galvanizing may protect from atmospheric corrosion for 15 to 30 years or more. As discontinuities or porosity develop in the coating, galvanic or electrolytic action ensues; the iron or ... galvanometer instrument for measuring a small electrical current or a function of the current by deflection of a moving coil. The deflection is a mechanical rotation derived from forces resulting from the current. Galveston city, seat (1838) of Galveston county, southeastern Texas, U.S., 51 miles (82 km) southeast of Houston. It is a major deepwater port on the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, at the northeast end of Galveston Island, which extends along the Texas coast for about 30 miles (48 km), separating Galveston Bay and ...