| | - guan
- double-reed Chinese wind instrument, having a cylindrical body with seven frontal finger holes and one thumb hole. The northern version is made of wood, and the southern of bamboo. The instrument's range is about two and one-half octaves. The length of the guan varies from 7 to ... [1 Related Articles]
- Guan Daosheng
- (from the article "Zhao Mengfu") ...beauty by utilizing deliberately simplified colour and compositions and a schematic, even childlike, rendering of forms and scale. His works often display a great variety of brushwork. Zhao's wife, Guan Daosheng, and his son, Zhao Yong (born 1289), were both painters of note.
- Guan Hanqing
- dramatist who was considered by many critics to be the greatest playwright of the Chinese classical theatre. [1 Related Articles]
- Guan kilns
- Chinese kilns known for creating an imperial variety of stoneware during the Song dynasty (AD 960-1279). After the Song royal court moved to the south, Guan kilns produced ware from about 1127 at Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. One of the official kilns, Jiaotan, has been located by scholars near Wugui Shan ... [2 Related Articles]
- Guana
- (from the article "Mbaya") The pre-Spanish, pre-horse Mbaya had already given up their primary dependence on hunting, gathering, and horticulture and relied on tribute extracted from the Guana, groups of settled agriculturalists whom the Mbaya had conquered. The Guana, successful farmers, weavers, and potters, provided the Mbaya with labour, agricultural produce, and manufactured goods;...
- Guanabacoa
- city, west-central Cuba. Nestled among hills outside Havana, it is essentially a residential suburb, although a number of industries have been established there. Guanabacoa was founded by the Spanish at the site of an old Indian village; its medicinal springs made it a summer resort for affluent families during the ...
- Guanabara Bay
- bay of the Atlantic Ocean, southeastern Brazil, with Rio de Janeiro on its southwest shore and Niteroi on its southeast. Discovered around 1502, it was originally named Rio de Janeiro Bay. About 19 miles (31 km) long with a maximum width of 18 miles, it has a mile-wide entrance that ... [1 Related Articles]
- Guanacaste
- (from the article "Costa Rica") The northwestern province of Guanacaste-where many people work on large cattle ranches, or haciendas, while also maintaining small agricultural plots of their own-was once a part of Nicaragua and still retains a variety of Nicaraguan cultural influences. In many ways, this is the least traditionally Costa Rican part of the ...
- Guanacaste, Cordillera de
- range and a section of the Continental Divide in northwestern Costa Rica. It extends 70 miles (113 km) northwest-southeast and reaches a high point in the dormant Miravalles Volcano (6,627 feet [2,020 metres]). The Arenal Volcano erupted in 1968, covering the area with hot ash, destroying pasture, wiping out two ... [1 Related Articles]
- guanaco
- (Lama guanacoe), South American member of the camel family, Camelidae (order Artiodactyla), closely related to the alpaca, llama, and vicuna, which are known collectively as lamoids. Unlike camels, lamoids do not have the characteristic camel humps; they are slender-bodied animals with long legs and necks, short tails, small heads, and ... [1 Related Articles]
- guanaco fibre
- (from the article "guanaco") The soft, downy fibre covering of the young, or guanaquito, comprises about 10 to 20 percent of the fleece and belongs to the group of textile fibres called speciality hair fibres (q.v.). Guanaco fibre, introduced for textile use in the mid-1900s, is valued for its rarity and soft texture and ...
- Guanahatabey
- (from the article "Cuba") The Guanahatabey and Ciboney peoples were among the original hunter-gatherer societies to inhabit Cuba by about 4000 BC, the former living in the extreme west of the island and the latter mainly on the cays to the south, with limited numbers in other places. The Taino (Arawakan Indians) arrived later, ...
- Guanajuato
- estado (state), central Mexico. It is bounded by the states of San Luis Potosi to the north and northeast, Queretaro to the east, Michoacan to the south, and Jalisco to the west. It lies on the Mesa Central at an average elevation of about 6,000 feet (1,800 ...
- Guanajuato
- city, capital of Guanajuato estado (state), central Mexico. It is spread over steep hillsides at the junction of three ravines, at an average elevation of about 6,725 feet (2,050 metres) above sea level. [2 Related Articles]
- Guanare
- city, capital of Portuguesa estado (state), northwestern Venezuela. A centre of pilgrimage, Guanare contains the national shrine to Our Lady of Coromoto, the patron saint of Venezuela. The city, which was founded in 1591, is also a commercial and manufacturing centre in the northern portion of the western Llanos (plains). ...
- Guanche and Canario
- any of the aboriginal peoples inhabiting, respectively, the western and eastern groups of the Canary Islands when first encountered by the conquering Spaniards at the beginning of the 15th century. Both populations are thought to have been of Cro-Magnon origin and may possibly have come from central and southern Europe ... [3 Related Articles]
- Guandi Mountain
- (from the article "Shansi") ...west. The eastern mountains average between 5,000 and 6,000 feet in height and reach their maximum elevation at Mount Shih-ku (8,300 feet), located in Hopeh Province. The highest peak in the west, Mount Kuan-ti, reaches an elevation of 9,288 feet, while the northern ranges are crowned by Mount Wu-t'ai at ...
- Guang
- a people of northern Ghana who speak a variety of Kwa languages of the Niger-Congo language family. They are descendants of a trading nation (usually called Gonja) founded in the 16th century, and they now constitute a chiefdom in the Northern region of Ghana, in the area above the confluence ...
- guang
- type of Chinese bronze vessel used to serve wine, it was characterized by an unusually fine harmony between shape and decoration. It was produced during the Shang (18th-12th century BC) and early Zhou (c. 1111-c. 900 BC) dynasties. [1 Related Articles]
- Guangming, Mount
- (from the article "Huang Mountains") ...axis, extending from the area east of Lake Poyang to the eastern point of the province near Guangde. Its general elevation is about 3,300 feet (1,000 metres), but individual peaks exceed that; Mount Guangming is 6,040 feet (1,840 metres) high. A secondary range, somewhat lower in elevation, known as the ...
- Guangwudi
- posthumous name (shi) of the Chinese emperor (reigned AD 25-57) who restored the Han dynasty after the usurpation of Wang Mang, a former Han minister who established the Xin dynasty (AD 9-25). The restored Han dynasty is sometimes referred to as the Dong (Eastern), or the Hou ... [2 Related Articles]
- Guangxi Clique
- (from the article "Kwangsi") ...in the reorganization of the Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang). Following the rise of Chiang Kai-shek to power in 1927, the Kwangsi leaders (notably Li Tsung-jen and Li Chi-shen) formed the Kwangsi Clique in opposition to Chiang. The group did much to modernize Kwangsi but maintained a defiant posture against the ...
- Guangxi-Guizhou railroad
- (from the article "Kwangsi") ...region from the northeast to the southwest. It forms a vital continental artery that connects with the Canton-Han-k'ou railroad and, south of P'ing-hsiang, with the Vietnamese railroad. The Kwangsi-Kweichow railroad links Liu-chou with Kuei-yang, Kweichow Province, and, along with the Liu-chou-Chih-chiang line, opened in 1983, is an impetus to the ...
- Guangxu
- reign name (nianhao) of the ninth emperor (reigned 1874/75-1908) of the Qing dynasty, during whose reign the empress dowager Cixi (1835-1908) totally dominated the government and thereby prevented the young emperor from modernizing and reforming the deteriorating imperial system. [5 Related Articles]
- Guangzong
- (from the article "China") After the death of Gaozong in 1187, Xiaozong followed the precedent of abdicating. The international peace was kept during the brief reign of his son, Guangzong (reigned 1190-94), but it was broken again in 1205, during the reign of his grandson, Ningzong (reigned 1195-1224). The 40-year span of continuous peace ...
- guanidine hydrochloride
- (from the article "botulism") ...botulinum antitoxin is given in large doses intravenously, but it is doubtful that antitoxin can do anything to dislodge the toxin once it has reached the nerve fibrils. A chemical, guanidine hydrochloride, counteracts the action of C. botulinum toxin on nerve endings and has been used successfully in treatment, but ...
- Guaniguanico, Cordillera de
- low range of hills in Pinar del Rio province, western Cuba. It extends about 40 mi (64 km) northeast from Mantua and comprises the Sierra de los Organos and the Sierra del Rosario, which rises 2,293 ft (699 m) at El Pan de Guajaibon. The Sierra del Rosario exhibits a ... [1 Related Articles]
- guanine
- an organic compound belonging to the purine group, a class of compounds with a characteristic two-ringed structure, composed of carbon and nitrogen atoms, and occurring free or combined in such diverse natural sources as guano (the accumulated excrement and dead bodies of birds, bats, and seals), sugar beets, yeast, and ... [8 Related Articles]
- Guanlong wucaii
- (from the article "Life Sciences") The newly discovered species Guanlong wucaii from the early Late Jurassic of the Junggar Basin in northwestern China was described as the oldest-known tyrannosauroid, with an age of approximately 160 million years. The larger of the two fossil specimens that were found stood about 1 m (3.3 ft) tall at ...
- guano
- accumulated excrement and remains of birds, bats, and seals, valued as fertilizer. Bird guano comes mainly from islands off the coasts of Peru, Baja (Lower) California, and Africa heavily populated by cormorants, pelicans, and gannets. Bat guano is found in caves throughout the world. Seal guano has accumulated to great ... [8 Related Articles]
- Guano Act
- (from the article "Flint Island") ...and contains several brackish lagoons. The well-wooded atoll once produced guano and, more recently, copra. Sighted by Europeans in 1801, it was claimed by the United States in 1856 under the Guano Act. Coconut palms (for copra) were planted in the 1870s and soon replaced most of the native flora. ...
- Guanoco Lake
- (from the article "pitch lake") large surface deposit of natural asphalt, a mixture of heavy oils that is left after the lighter, more volatile components of a crude-oil seepage have evaporated. An example is Guanoco Lake in Venezuela, which covers more than 445 hectares (1,100 acres) and contains an estimated 6,000,000 tons of asphalt. It ...
- guanosine diphosphate
- (from the article "metabolism") ...The succinyl phosphate thus formed is not released from the enzyme surface; an unstable, high-energy compound called an acid anhydride, it transfers a high-energy phosphate to ADP, directly or via guanosine diphosphate (GDP) [43].
- guanosine triphosphate
- (from the article "guanine") Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is used by the body to form the guanylic acid units in ribonucleic acids (RNA's).role in metabolismmetabolismFormation of coenzyme A, carbon dioxide, and reducing equivalentIf guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
- Guantanamo
- city, eastern Cuba, lying in the mountains 21 miles (34 km) north of strategic Guantanamo Bay. Founded in 1819, the settlement was called Santa Catalina del Saltadero del Guaso until 1843. French refugees from Haiti aided in the colonization of the area, and many cultural characteristics, such as the architecture, ...
- Guantanamo Bay
- inlet of the Caribbean Sea, indenting southeastern Cuba. One of the largest and best-sheltered bays in the world, it has a narrow entrance to a harbour approximately 6 miles (10 km) wide and 12 miles (19 km) long and capable of accommodating large vessels. [7 Related Articles]
- guante
- (from the article "jai alai") ...of a lively ball made possible by the introduction of rubber to Europe from South America permitted players to speed up the game. The next step, it is thought, was the introduction of the guante, a simple leather glove worn on the right hand, which in turn led to the ...
- Guanting Reservoir
- (from the article "Beijing") Large-scale water-conservation projects were begun in the early 1950s to provide more water for the expanding urban area. Notable are the large Miyun Reservoir, northeast of the city, and the Guanting Reservoir, which impounds the Yongding in the northwestern mountains beyond the Great Wall. These regulate the flow of the ...
- Guanxiu
- Tang dynasty Chan (in Japanese, Zen) painter known for his paintings of lohans (arhats). The best known of the lohan paintings that are attributed to him are a series of 16 in the Tokyo National Museum. [1 Related Articles]
- Guapore River
- river flowing through west central Brazil. The river rises in the Serra (mountains) dos Parecis in Mato Grosso state, Brazil, and loops southward, westward, and then north-northwestward past Mato Grosso city. After receiving the Rio Verde, it continues northwestward, forming the border between Bolivia and Brazil and emptying into the ...
- guarana
- (Paullinia cupana), woody, climbing plant, of the soapberry family (Sapindaceae), native to the Amazon Basin. It has a smooth, erect stem; large leaves with five oblong-oval leaflets; clusters of short-stalked flowers; and fruit about the size of a grape and usually containing one seed shaped like a tiny horse chestnut. [1 Related Articles]
- Guaranda
- city, central highland Ecuador, on a headstream of the Chimbo River in the Cordillera (mountains) de Guaranda of the Andes. It is about 15 mi (24 km) southwest of Mt. Chimborazo. As an agricultural centre for the surrounding area, the city trades in cinchona (a source of quinine), wheat, corn ...
- Guarani
- South American Indian group living mainly in Paraguay and speaking a Tupian language also called Guarani. Smaller groups live in Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil. Modern Paraguay still claims a strong Guarani heritage, and more Paraguayans speak and understand Guarani than Spanish. Most of the people who live along the Paraguay ... [10 Related Articles]
- Guarani language
- (from the article "South American Indian languages") ...into eight families. Tupinamba, the language spoken along the Atlantic coast at the time of discovery, became important in a modified form as a lingua franca, and the closely related Guarani became the national language in Paraguay, being one of the few Indian languages that does not seem to yield ...
- guarantee
- (from the article "commercial transaction") ...remedies as those for nondelivery, including a suit for transfer of ownership. But in most countries the seller's obligation is limited to warranting "quiet possession"-that is, guaranteeing enjoyment of the goods undisturbed by claims of third parties. In some countries the warranty of quiet possession entitles the buyer who is ...
- Guarantee Photo Studio
- (from the article "VanDerZee, James") In 1916 VanDerZee and his second wife, Gaynella Greenlee, launched the Guarantee Photo Studio in Harlem. His business boomed during World War I, and the portraits he shot from this period until 1945 have demanded the majority of critical attention. Among his many renowned subjects were poet Countee Cullen, dancer ...
- guaranteed income stream
- (from the article "guaranteed wage plan") In 1982 the Ford Motor Company and the United Automobile Workers union negotiated a new model for such plans. Known as the guaranteed income stream (GIS), this plan was designed to guarantee employees 50 percent of their hourly rate of pay until age 62. GIS programs were widely used during ...
- guaranteed minimum income
- (from the article "income tax") The idea of a negative income tax has been considered in the United States as a method of providing very-low-income families with a stable subsistence level of income in the form of government payments geared into the individual income tax structure. It is viewed as a possible substitute for public ...
- guaranteed wage plan
- system by which an employer ensures a minimum annual amount of employment or wages (or both) to employees who have been with the employer for a required minimum period of time. The United States has had more experience than other countries with such plans, which are meant to eliminate the ...
- Guarantees, Law of
- (May 13, 1871), attempt by the Italian government to settle the question of its relationship with the pope, who had been deprived of his lands in central Italy in the process of national unification. The first section of the law sought to ensure the freedom of the pope to fulfill ... [2 Related Articles]
- guaranty and suretyship
- in law, assumption of liability for the obligations of another. In modern usage the term guaranty has largely superseded suretyship.
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