| | - Gregory IX
- one of the most vigorous of the 13th-century popes (reigned 1227-41), a canon lawyer, theologian, defender of papal prerogatives, and founder of the papal Inquisition. Gregory promulgated the Decretals in 1234, a code of canon law that remained the fundamental source of ecclesiastical law for the Catholic Church until after ... [13 Related Articles]
- Gregory Narekatzi, Saint
- also called Gregory Of Narek poet and theologian who is generally considered the first great Armenian poet and the principal literary figure in Armenia during the 10th century. He was renowned for his mystical poems and hymns, biblical commentaries, and sacred elegies. A major prose work was Commentary on the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gregory of Nazianzus, Saint
- 4th-century Church Father whose defense of the doctrine of the Trinity (God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit) made him one of the greatest champions of orthodoxy against Arianism. [7 Related Articles]
- Gregory of Nyssa, Saint
- philosophical theologian and mystic, leader of the orthodox party in the 4th-century Christian controversies over the doctrine of the Trinity. Primarily a scholar, he wrote many theological, mystical, and monastic works in which he balanced Platonic and Christian traditions. [4 Related Articles]
- Gregory Of Rimini
- Italian Christian philosopher and theologian whose subtle synthesis of moderate nominalism with a theology of divine grace borrowed from St. Augustine strongly influenced the mode of later medieval thought characterizing some of the Protestant Reformers. [1 Related Articles]
- Gregory of Sinai
- Greek Orthodox monk, theologian, and mystic, the most prominent medieval advocate of Hesychasm, a Byzantine form of contemplative prayer directed toward ecstatic mystical experience.
- Gregory of Tours, Saint
- bishop and writer whose Ten Books of Histories (often wrongly called The History of the Franks) is the major 6th-century source for studying the Merovingian kingdom of the Franks. [9 Related Articles]
- Gregory Rift Valley
- (from the article "biogeographic region") ...nevertheless can put a wedge between taxa, eventually causing related species, genera, families, and so on (on up the taxonomic hierarchy) to diverge. An example of this mechanism is seen in the Gregory Rift Valley, the eastern branch of the East African Rift System; distinctive subspecies of wildebeest are represented ...
- Gregory Thaumaturgus, Saint
- Greek Christian apostle of Roman Asia and champion of orthodoxy in the 3rd-century Trinitarian (nature of God) controversy. His Greek surname, meaning "wonder worker," was derived from the phenomenal miracles, including the moving of a mountain, that he reputedly performed to assist in propagating Christianity. [2 Related Articles]
- Gregory the Illuminator, Liturgy of Saint
- (from the article "Armenian rite") ...Church and the Armenian Catholics. The Armenians, who regard themselves as the "first Christian nation," were converted to Christianity by St. Gregory the Illuminator about AD 300. The Liturgy of St. Gregory the Illuminator, used by both Apostolic and Catholic Armenians, is patterned after the Antiochene Liturgy of St. James ...
- Gregory the Illuminator, Saint
- according to tradition, the 4th-century apostle of Christianity in Armenia. [1 Related Articles]
- Gregory V
- from 996 to 999, the first German pope, whose pontificate was among the most turbulent in history. [3 Related Articles]
- Gregory VI
- original name Giovanni Graziano pope from 1045 to 1046. [4 Related Articles]
- Gregory VII, Saint
- one of the greatest popes of the medieval church, who lent his name to the 11th-century movement now known as the Gregorian Reform or Investiture Controversy. Gregory VII was the first pope to depose a crowned ruler, Emperor Henry IV (1056-1105/06). With this revolutionary act, Gregory translated his personal religious ... [28 Related Articles]
- Gregory VIII
- original name Alberto De Morra pope from Oct. 21 to Dec. 17, 1187. [2 Related Articles]
- Gregory X, Blessed
- pope from 1271 to 1276, who reformed the assembly of cardinals that elects the pope. [7 Related Articles]
- Gregory XI
- the last French pope and the last of the Avignonese popes, when Avignon was the papal seat (1309-77). He reigned from 1370 to 1378. [6 Related Articles]
- Gregory XII
- pope from 1406 to 1415. He was the last of the Roman line during the Western Schism (1378-1417), when the papacy was contested by antipopes in Avignon and in Pisa. [6 Related Articles]
- Gregory XIII
- pope from 1572 to 1585, who promulgated the Gregorian calendar and founded a system of seminaries for Roman Catholic priests. [9 Related Articles]
- Gregory XIV
- original name Niccolo Sfondrati pope from 1590 to 1591. [1 Related Articles]
- Gregory XV
- pope from 1621 to 1623. [1 Related Articles]
- Gregory XVI
- pope from 1831 to 1846. His efforts to consolidate papal authority within the church were matched by his support of traditional monarchies throughout Europe.
- Gregory, Augusta, Lady
- Irish writer and playwright who, by her translations of Irish legends, her peasant comedies and fantasies based on folklore, and her work for the Abbey Theatre, played a considerable part in the late 19th-century Irish literary renascence. [3 Related Articles]
- Gregory, Augustus Charles
- (from the article "Northern Territory") ...Victoria's presence did attract the Prussian naturalist Ludwig Leichhardt, who made an epic overland journey from southeastern Queensland to Port Essington in 1844-45. In 1855-56 Augustus Charles Gregory, described by a contemporary as "a most competent leader&elipsis;with great firmness of purpose," led a well-organized expedition from the plains of the ...
- Gregory, C. R.
- (from the article "biblical literature") ...H. von Soden (1902-13) had Sigla (signs) for the various textual witnesses; they are complex to use and different from each other. The current system, a revision by an American scholar, C.R. Gregory (adopted in 1908), though not uncomplicated has made uniform practice possible. A more pragmatic method of designation ...
- Gregory, Cynthia
- American ballerina who was noted principally for classical roles.
- Gregory, D. F.
- (from the article "logic, history of") ...logic-textbook tradition. The second was the rapid growth in the early 19th century of sophisticated discussions of algebra and anticipations of nonstandard algebras. The British mathematicians D.F.Gregory and George Peacock were major figures in this theoretical appreciation of algebra. Such conceptions gradually evolved into "nonstandard" abstract algebras such as quaternions,...
- Gregory, Dick
- African-American comedian, civil rights activist, and spokesman for health issues, who became nationally recognized in the 1960s for a biting brand of comedy that attacked racial prejudice. By addressing his hard-hitting satire to white audiences, he gave a comedic voice to the rising Civil Rights Movement. In the 1980s his ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gregory, Francis T.
- (from the article "Hamersley Range") ...quantities. Part of the area, other than the mining sites, forms Hamersley Range National Park, where the wildlife includes red kangaroos, wallaroos, and dingoes. The range was visited in 1861 by Francis T. Gregory, an explorer and mineral surveyor, and was named for Edward Hamersley, one of the backers of ...
- Gregory, Horace
- American poet, critic, translator, and editor noted for both conventional and experimental writing.
- Gregory, James
- Scottish mathematician and astronomer who discovered infinite series representations for a number of trigonometry functions, although he is mostly remembered for his description of the first practical reflecting telescope, now known as the Gregorian telescope. [2 Related Articles]
- Gregory, Rogan
- In 2005 New York-based designer Rogan Gregory successfully merged the concept of cutting-edge fashion with social responsibility via the high-profile spring launch of a line called Edun. His casual clothing collection was produced from organic materials in conjunction with the Dublin-based political activist husband-and-wife duo Paul Hewson (U2 lead singer ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gregory, William K.
- (from the article "Romer, Alfred Sherwood") ...American Field Service in France and in the autumn of that year enlisted in the United States Army. On his return to the U.S. in 1919, he entered graduate school at Columbia University to work under William K. Gregory. Romer completed the work for his Ph.D. in two years and ...
- Gregory, Wilton D.
- American Roman Catholic prelate, archbishop of Atlanta, Georgia (from 2005). He also served as bishop of Belleville, Illinois (1994-2005), and was the first African American president of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops (2001-04). [1 Related Articles]
- gregueria
- (from the article "Gomez de la Serna, Ramon") Spanish writer whose greguerias, brief poetic statements characterized by a free association of words, ideas, and objects, had a significant influence on avant-garde literature in Europe and Latin America.
- Greiff, Leon de
- Latin-American poet notable for his stylistic innovations.
- Greifswald
- city, Mecklenburg-West Pomerania Land (state), northeastern Germany. It lies 20 miles (30 km) southeast of Stralsund near the mouth of the Ryck River, which empties into Greifswalder Bay on the Baltic Sea. First mentioned in 1209 as a market settlement of the Eldena monastery and chartered in ...
- Greifswald, Treaty of
- (from the article "Kurakin, Boris Ivanovich, Prince") ...(c. 1710) and to The Hague (1716). He also negotiated (1710) a defensive treaty of friendship for Peter with George I, elector of Hanover and future king of Great Britain; concluded the Treaty of Greifswald (1715) between Peter and George (as elector of Hanover), in which they exchanged territorial guarantees; ...
- Greig, David
- (from the article "Performing Arts") ...for refurbishment amid concerns that its artistic future was insecure. There were, however, fanfares for the reopening of the Theatre Royal in Bury St. Edmunds and the Belgrade Theatre in Coventry. David Greig was the most prominent playwright of the Edinburgh Festival; he had a new play, Damascus, at the ...
- Greiman, April
- (from the article "graphic design") During the late 1970s, April Greiman was acclaimed for her postmodernist experimentation. (In the 1970s and '80s, increasing numbers of women entered the graphic-design field and achieved prominence.) Her dynamic typographic innovations and colourful montages were often made in collaboration with photographer Jayme Odgers. A cover for
- Grein, Jack Thomas
- Dutch-born British critic, playwright, and theatre manager who influenced British drama at the turn of the 20th century. [2 Related Articles]
- Greiner, W.
- (from the article "radioactivity") In 1980 A. Sandulescu, D.N. Poenaru, and W. Greiner described calculations indicating the possibility of a new type of decay of heavy nuclei intermediate between alpha decay and spontaneous fission. The first observation of heavy-ion radioactivity was that of a 30-MeV, carbon-14 emission from radium-223 by H.J. Rose and G.A. ...
- Greis, Michael
- (from the article "Olympic Games") ...and super-G by Michaela Dorfmeister, and by the disappointing performance of the American team led by World Cup champion Bode Miller, who was entered in five events but earned no Olympic medals. Michael Greis of Germany won three gold medals in biathlon events, but his success was overshadowed by the ...
- greisen
- modification of granite, an intrusive igneous rock; it consists essentially of quartz and white mica (muscovite) and is characterized by the absence of feldspar and biotite. The rock usually has a silvery, glittering appearance from the abundance of layered muscovite crystals, but many greisens resemble a pale granite. The white ...
- Gremio
- (from the article "Taming of the Shrew, The") The play's other plot follows the competition between Hortensio, Gremio, and Lucentio for Bianca's hand in marriage. The only serious candidate is Lucentio, the son of a wealthy Florentine gentleman. He is so smitten with Bianca's charms that he exchanges places with his clever servant, Tranio, in order to gain ...
- gremio
- any of the organized guilds that were founded during the Moorish occupation of Portugal (714-1249) by men who worked in the same craft and who generally lived on the same street in a given city. Each guild selected a patron saint, usually one who had shared its profession, and designed ...
- Grenada
- city, seat (1870) of Grenada county, north-central Mississippi, U.S. It lies along the Yalobusha River at the eastern edge of the Mississippi River valley, 111 miles (179 km) north of Jackson. It was formed in 1836 by the merger of Tullahoma and Pittsburg, two villages established by rival speculators in ...
- Grenada
- island of the West Indies. It is the southernmost of the Lesser Antilles, lying in the eastern Caribbean Sea about 100 miles (160 kilometres) north of the coast of Venezuela. Oval in shape, the island is approximately 21 miles (34 kilometres) long and 12 miles wide. The southern Grenadines-the largest ... [27 Related Articles]
- Grenada Basin
- (from the article "Caribbean Sea") ...basins are connected by the submerged Aruba Gap at depths greater than 13,000 feet (4,000 metres). The Aves Ridge, incomplete at its southern extremity, separates the Venezuelan Basin from the small Grenada Basin, which is bounded to the east by the Antillean arc of islands.
- Grenada Lake
- (from the article "Grenada") ...is based on manufacturing, including heating and refrigeration equipment, hosiery, newsprint, automotive parts, and wood products. Timber and agriculture (cotton and soybeans) are also important. Grenada Lake, impounded on the Yalobusha, is the site of Hugh White State Park; Holly Springs National Forest is immediately to the north. Inc. 1836. ...
- Grenada National Party
- (from the article "Grenada") In the general election of August 1967, the Grenada United Labour Party (GULP) defeated the Grenada National Party (GNP) and took office under the premiership of Eric M. Gairy, a trade unionist. Grenada became an independent nation on Feb. 7, 1974. The transition was marked by violence, strikes, and controversy ...
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