A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

0-9

European Union: Year in Review 2013 ... euxenite

European Union: Year in Review 2013 For the most part, 2012 was a year of struggle for the European Union; economic growth was flat at best, and unemployment remained stubbornly high. The austerity plans that national governments had put into place to reduce their deficits and debts met with strong resistance across the 27-country bloc, from ... European Union international organization comprising 27 European countries and governing common economic, social, and security policies. Originally confined to western Europe, the EU has expanded to include several central and eastern European countries. The EU's members are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, ... European Voluntary Worker a displaced person admitted into Great Britain between 1947 and 1950 in an effort to aid those made homeless during World War II and to alleviate the severe labour shortage in specified and essential industries in Britain. The EVW program was begun under the "Balt Cygnet" plan of recruiting Baltic ... europium chemical element, a rare-earth metal of the lanthanide series of the periodic table. Europium is the least dense, the softest, and the most volatile member of the lanthanide series. Europoort port on the southwestern coast of the Netherlands. It lies opposite the Hoek van Holland, at the entrance of the New Waterway Canal, a distributary of the Rhine. About 17 miles (27 km) upstream on the canal lies the Port of Rotterdam, for which Europoort functions as an outport. Together ... Europop form of popular music made in Europe for general European consumption. Although Europop hits contain traces of their national origins and often gain international attention via the dance floor, the genre generally transcends cultural borders in Europe without crossing the Atlantic Ocean. Eurotiomycetes class of fungi in the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) within the kingdom Fungi. The members of Eurotiomycetes produce saclike structures (asci) containing ascospores in either a closed fruiting body (ascocarp) or spore balls. Example genera are Capronia (order Chaetothyriales), which includes some marine fungi, Pyrenula (order Pyrenulales), which includes wart ... Eurovision Song Contest annual singing contest organized by the European Broadcasting Union. The competition, begun in 1956, gathers performers-selected at the national level by each participating country's public broadcasting service-from across Europe and representing virtually every genre of popular music. Eurydice in ancient Greek legend, the wife of Orpheus. Her husband's attempt to retrieve Eurydice from Hades forms the basis of one of the most popular Greek legends. See Orpheus. eurythmics harmonious bodily movement as a form of artistic expression-specifically, the Dalcroze system of musical education in which bodily movements are used to represent musical rhythms. Eusden, Laurence British poet who, by flattering the Duke of Newcastle, was made poet laureate in 1718. He became rector of Coningsby and held the laureateship until his death. Alexander Pope satirized him frequently and derisively, notably in book 1 of his mock epic The Dunciad (1728). Eusebio the greatest Portuguese football (soccer) player of all time. Known as "the Panther," he was celebrated for his long runs through defenders and his deft scoring touch. Eusebius of Caesarea bishop, exegete, polemicist, and historian whose account of the first centuries of Christianity, in his Ecclesiastical History, is a landmark in Christian historiography. Eusebius of Dorylaeum bishop of Dorylaeum and famous opponent of the Nestorians (who believed that the divine and human persons remained separate in Christ). He was one of the formulators of doctrines at the ecumenical Council of Chalcedon (451). Eusebius of Emesa bishop of Emesa, one of the chief doctrinal writers on Semi-Arianism, a modified Arianism that held that Christ was "like" God the Father but not of one substance. Eusebius of Laodicea deacon of Alexandria who became bishop of Laodicea, after risking his life by serving Christian martyrs during the persecutions of the Roman emperors Decius (250) and Valerian (257). He was a former pupil of the illustrious theologian Origen. Eusebius of Myndus Neoplatonist philosopher, a pupil of Aedesius of Pergamum. He was distinguished from the other members of the Pergamene school by his comparative sobriety and rationality and by his contempt for the religious magic, or theurgy, to which other members of the school were addicted. He was too sober for the ... Eusebius of Nicomedia an important 4th-century Eastern church bishop who was one of the key proponents of Arianism (the doctrine that Jesus Christ is not of the same substance as God) and who eventually became the leader of an Arian group called the Eusebians. Eusebius of Samosata, Saint Christian martyr and famous opponent of Arianism (q.v.). Eusebius of Vercelli, Saint noted supporter of St. Athanasius the Great of Alexandria, Egypt, and restorer of the Nicene Creed, the orthodox doctrine adopted by the first Council (325) of Nicaea, which declared the members of the Trinity to be equal. Eusebius, Saint pope from April 18 to Aug. 17, 309/310. His epitaph, written by Pope Damasus I, tells of a violent dispute in Rome about readmitting apostates after the persecution of Christians under the Roman emperor Diocletian. Eusebius was opposed by a faction that wanted offenders readmitted to the church without penance. ... eusocial species any colonial animal species that lives in multigenerational family groups in which the vast majority of individuals cooperate to aid relatively few (or even a single) reproductive group members. Eusocial species often exhibit extreme task specialization, which makes colonies potentially very efficient in gathering resources. Workers in eusocial colonies are ... Eustace Diamonds, The novel by Anthony Trollope, published serially from 1871 to 1873 and in book form in New York in 1872. It is a satirical study of the influence of money on marital and sexual relations. The story follows two contrasting women and their courtships. Lizzie Eustace and Lucy Morris are both ... Eustace IV count of Boulogne (from 1150) and eldest son of King Stephen of England and his wife Matilda, daughter and heiress of the previous count of Boulogne (Eustace III). Eustace, Saint one of the most famous early Christian martyrs venerated in the Eastern and Western churches, one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers (a group of saints conjointly honoured, especially in medieval Germany), and a patron of hunters. eustachian tube tube that extends from the middle ear to the pharynx (throat). About 3 to 4 centimetres (1.2-1.6 inches) long in humans and lined with mucous membrane, it is directed downward and inward from the tympanic cavity, or middle ear, to that portion of the pharynx called the nasopharynx, the space ... Eustathius bishop of Sebaste (now Sabastiyah, West Bank) and metropolitan of Roman Armenia noted for several extreme or heterodox theological positions. Eustathius of Antioch, Saint bishop of Antioch who opposed the followers of the condemned doctrine of Arius at the Council of Nicaea. Eustathius of Thessalonica metropolitan (archbishop) of Thessalonica (c. 1175-94), humanist scholar, author, and Greek Orthodox reformer whose chronicles, oratory, and pedagogy show him to be one of medieval Byzantium's foremost men of learning. Eusthenopteron genus of extinct lobe-finned fishes (crossopterygians) preserved as fossils in rocks of the late Devonian Period (about 370 million years ago). Eusthenopteron was near the main line of evolution leading to the first terrestrial vertebrates, the tetrapods. It was 1.5 to 1.8 metres (5 to 6 feet) long and was ... Eustis, Dorothy Leib Harrison Wood American philanthropist and dog breeder whose work with German shepherds led her to establish and endow The Seeing Eye, Inc., and other groups for the training of guide dogs and their blind owners. Eutaw Springs, Battle of (September 8, 1781), American Revolution engagement fought near Charleston, South Carolina, between British troops under Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Stewart and American forces commanded by General Nathanael Greene. Greene wished to prevent Stewart from joining General Lord Cornwallis in the event of that leader's retreat south from Yorktown. About 2,000 American ... eutectic the one mixture of a set of substances able to dissolve in one another as liquids that, of all such mixtures, liquefies at the lowest temperature. If an arbitrarily chosen liquid mixture of such substances is cooled, a temperature will be reached at which one component will begin to separate ... Euterpe in Greek religion, one of the nine Muses, patron of tragedy or flute playing. In some accounts she was the mother of Rhesus, the king of Thrace, killed in the Trojan War, whose father was sometimes identified as Strymon, the river god of Thrace. euthanasia act or practice of painlessly putting to death persons suffering from painful and incurable disease or incapacitating physical disorder or allowing them to die by withholding treatment or withdrawing artificial life-support measures. Because there is no specific provision for it in most legal systems, it is usually regarded as either ... Euthydemus king of Bactria. At first he was probably a satrap (governor) of the Bactrian king Diodotus II, whom he later killed and whose throne he usurped. In 208 he was attacked by the Seleucid king Antiochus III, and a long war was fought between them. Euthydemus, having failed in his ... Euthymides an early adopter of the Athenian red-figure technique, a contemporary and perhaps rival of Euphronius. He is admired for his explorations in foreshortening and for his studies in movement, both departures from Archaic convention. Euthymius I Orthodox patriarch of Constantinople, monk, and theologian, a principal figure in the Tetragamy (Fourth Marriage) controversy of the Byzantine emperor Leo VI the Wise. Euthymius Of Turnovo Orthodox patriarch of Turnovo, near modern Sofia, monastic scholar and linguist whose extensive literary activity spearheaded the late medieval renaissance in Bulgaria and erected the theological and legal bases for the Orthodox churches of Eastern Europe. Euthymius The Great, Saint ascetic and one of the great fathers of Eastern Orthodox monasticism, who established religious communities throughout Palestine. Euthymius The Hagiorite monastic leader, scholar, and writer whose propagation of Greek culture and Eastern Orthodox tradition generated the golden age of Georgian education and literature. Eutin town, Schleswig-Holstein Land (state), northeastern Germany. Surrounded by lakes, it lies about 30 miles (50 km) north of Lubeck. The town was founded as a border post during the frontier wars between the Germans and the Wends, and it was chartered in 1257. The official seat of the prince-bishops of ... eutrophication the gradual increase in the concentration of phosphorus, nitrogen, and other plant nutrients in an aging aquatic ecosystem such as a lake. The productivity or fertility of such an ecosystem increases as the amount of organic material that can be broken down into nutrients increases. This material enters the ecosystem ... Eutropius eunuch who became the most powerful figure in the Eastern Roman Empire under the emperor Arcadius (Eastern ruler 383-408). Eutropius of Saintes, Saint early Christian bishop-missionary to Gaul, who was martyred by the Romans. Eutyches revered archimandrite, or monastic superior, in the Eastern Church, at Constantinople, who is regarded as the founder of Eutychianism, an extreme form of the Monophysite heresy that emphasizes the exclusive prevalence of the divinity in Christ. Eutychian a follower of the 4th-5th-century monk Eutyches (q.v.), who advocated a type of Monophysitism, a belief that Christ had only one nature (see Monophysite). The doctrine of Eutychianism is considered heretical by the Roman Catholic Church. Eutychian, Saint pope from 275 until his death in 283. He succeeded Pope St. Felix I. Fragments of his original Greek epitaph were discovered in the catacombs of Callistus, Rome. He was the last pope to be buried in the catacombs, but nothing more is known of him. Eutychides Of Sicyon Greek sculptor, who was a pupil of Lysippus. His most noted work was a statue of "Fortune," which he made for the city of Antioch (founded 300 BC). The goddess, who embodies the idea of the city, was represented seated on a rock, with the Orontes River at her feet. ... Euwe, Max Dutch chess master who won the world championship (1935) from Alexander Alekhine and lost it to Alekhine in a return match (1937). euxenite complex oxide mineral, a niobate-titanate that forms hard, brilliant black crystals and masses in granite pegmatites and associated detrital deposits. Titanium replaces niobium-tantalum in the molecular structure to form the similar mineral polycrase; both it and euxenite often contain rare earths. These minerals are widespread in Norway, Madagascar, and Canada ...