| | - Count Fleet
- (from the article "The Belmont Stakes") Longden emigrated with his family from England to Canada in 1912, and he began his racing career in Utah in 1927. In 1943 he rode Count Fleet to victory in the Triple Crown events of U.S. Thoroughbred racing (the Kentucky Derby, the Preakness Stakes, and the Belmont Stakes). For three ...
- count of the palace
- (from the article "France") ...sovereigns, encompassed domestic services (treasury, provisioning, stables, clergy), a bureau of accounts, and a military force. The court was presided over by three men-the seneschal, the count of the palace, and, foremost, the mayor of the palace, who also presided over the king's estates. They traveled with the king, who, ...
- count palatine
- (from the article "palatine") During the early European Middle Ages the term palatine applied to various officials among the Germanic peoples. The most important of these was the count palatine, who in Merovingian and Carolingian times (5th through 10th century) was an official of the sovereign's household, in particular of his court of law. ...
- Count's War
- (1534-36), the last Danish war of succession, which resulted in the strengthening of the monarchy and in the establishment of Danish Lutheranism, as well as in a change in the Baltic balance of power. The war derived its name from Count Christopher of Oldenburg. Christopher unsuccessfully led the forces of ... [3 Related Articles]
- countable additivity
- (from the article "probability theory") ...Property (b) is called the axiom of countable additivity. It is clearly motivated by equation (1), which suffices for finite sample spaces because there are only finitely many events. In infinite sample spaces it implies, but is not...
- countable set
- (from the article "automata theory") The finiteness of the list of quadruples of instructions leads to the idea that all Turing machines can be listed-that is, they are at most countable in number. This being the case, it can be proved that there is what Turing called a "universal" machine capable of operating like any ...
- Counter Satellite Communications System
- (from the article "Military Affairs") The U.S. Air Force declared operational its new Counter Satellite Communications System, which was designed to jam enemy satellite communications. The ground-based system used electromagnetic energy to disrupt transmissions without permanently damaging or destroying enemy satellites. Proponents of the system said that it would help U.S. forces control space without ...
- Counter-Reformation
- in the history of Christianity, the Roman Catholic efforts directed in the 16th and early 17th centuries both against the Protestant Reformation and toward internal renewal; the Counter-Reformation took place during roughly the same period as the Protestant Reformation, actually (according to some sources) beginning shortly before Martin Luther's act ... [42 Related Articles]
- Counter-Reformation Realism
- (from the article "Belgium") ...life during the period. This was chiefly evident in the works of the Flemish school of 17th-century painters-among them Peter Paul Rubens, Anthony Van Dyck, and Jacob Jordaens. The ongoing Counter-Reformation stimulated demand for art in the triumphant Baroque style. Rubens, court painter to Isabella and Archduke Albert, made Antwerp ...
- counter-rotating propeller
- (from the article "airplane") Propellers are basically rotating airfoils, and they vary in type, including two-blade fixed pitch, four-blade controllable (variable) pitch, and eight-blade contrarotating pitch. The blade angle on fixed-pitch propellers is set for only one flight regime, and this restriction limits their performance. Some fixed-pitch propellers can be adjusted on the ground ...
- counter-value strike
- (from the article "nuclear strategy") ...surprise attack was considered possible because, with improved guidance systems, nuclear weapons were becoming more precise. Therefore, it was not inevitable that they would be used solely in countervalue strikes against easily targeted political and economic centres; instead, it was just as likely that they would be used in counterforce ...
- counterblow forging
- (from the article "forging") ...is run through matched rotating rolls with impressions sunk in their surfaces. Impact forging is essentially hammer forging in which both dies are moved horizontally, converging on the workpiece. Counterblow forging is similar, except that the dies converge vertically. A principal advantage of these last two methods is that the ...
- counterchange
- (from the article "heraldry") ...horns, teeth, or claws of a beast, or the beak or talons of a bird, and of the human being when in armour. The term slipped applies to flowers and fruit when the stalk is seen. Counterchanged refers to arms with a field of two tinctures, a metal and a ...
- countercurrent
- (from the article "Earth sciences") ...the motion of seawater in three dimensions have led to the discovery of new currents and to the disclosure of unexpected complexities in the circulation of the oceans generally. In 1951 a huge countercurrent moving eastward across the Pacific was found below depths as shallow as 20 metres, and in ...
- countercurrent blood exchange
- (from the article "cetacean") The most important mechanism in cetacean thermoregulation is the development of countercurrent blood exchange, an adaptation that allows the animal to either conserve or dissipate heat as needed. Blood that drains from the surface of the skin has been cooled by close contact with the external environment, and it can ...
- countercurrent distribution
- in chemistry, a multistage solvent-extraction process, one of many separation methods that can be employed in chemical analysis. [3 Related Articles]
- countercurrent exchange multiplication
- (from the article "renal system") ...the loop of Henle is critical to the ability of the kidney to concentrate urine. The high concentration of salt in the medullary fluid is believed to be achieved in the loop by a process known as countercurrent exchange multiplication. The principle of this process is analogous to the physical ...
- countercyclical fiscal policy
- (from the article "government economic policy") Overall fiscal policy involves the government in deciding whether it should spend more than it receives or less. The development of countercyclical fiscal policies in the post-World War II period reflected the explicit attempt by some governments to protect their population from world recessions by deliberately spending additional money at ...
- counterespionage
- espionage directed toward detecting and thwarting enemy espionage. See intelligence (in government operations).
- counterfactual conditional
- (from the article "applied logic") A simple conditional, or "if," statement asserts a strictly formal relationship between antecedent ("if" clause) and consequent ("then" clause): "If p, then q," without any reference to the status of the antecedent. The knowledge status of this antecedent, however, may be problematic (unknown), or known-to-be-true, or...work of Lewis
- counterfeiting
- manufacture of false money for gain, a kind of forgery in that something is copied so as to defraud by passing it for the original or genuine article. Because of the value conferred on money and the high level of technical skill required to imitate it, counterfeiting is singled out ... [3 Related Articles]
- counterflow heat exchanger
- (from the article "heat exchanger") ...is called parallel flow. Heat is transferred from the warm fluid through the wall of the inner tube (the so-called heating surface) to the cold fluid. A heat exchanger can also be operated in counterflow, in which the two fluids flow in parallel but opposite directions. Concentric tube heat exchangers ...
- counterforce action
- (from the article "nuclear strategy") ...it was not inevitable that they would be used solely in countervalue strikes against easily targeted political and economic centres; instead, it was just as likely that they would be used in counterforce strikes against military targets. A successful counterforce attack that rendered retaliation impossible-known as a "first strike"-would be ...
- counterfort retaining wall
- (from the article "retaining wall") ...which is of massive concrete that is prevented from falling over by simple gravity. The cantilever retaining wall has cantilever footings, which have tie beams balancing the asymmetrical load. A counterfort retaining wall is a cantilever wall with counterforts, or buttresses, attached to the inside face of the wall to ...
- counterguerrilla warfare
- (from the article "guerrilla warfare") Perhaps the most important challenge confronting the military commander in fighting guerrillas is the need to modify orthodox battlefield thinking. This was as true in ancient, medieval, and colonial times as it is today. Alexander the Great's successful campaigns resulted not only from mobile and flexible tactics but also from ...
- counterintelligence
- (from the article "counterintelligence") in government operations, the information and activity related to protecting a nation's own information and the secrecy of its intelligence operations. It is a police and security function that is concerned primarily with defensive, protective activities. See intelligence.
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- countermovement
- (from the article "collective behaviour") A third contingency affecting the aftermath of collective behaviour concerns the nature and strategy of the counter-movements or counterfads that arise. When the counter-movement arises, acquires a bitter and reactionary tone, and becomes a backlash, polarization and heightened disorder often lead to demands for order at any cost, at the ...
- counterpoint
- art of combining different melodic lines in a musical composition. It is the most characteristic element in Western music and a major distinguishing feature between the music of the West and that of the Orient and of primitive peoples. [13 Related Articles]
- counterpoise
- in electronics, portion of an antenna system that is composed of wires or other types of conductor arranged in a circular pattern at the base of the antenna at a certain distance above ground. Insulated from the ground, it forms the lower system of antenna conductors. It is used in ...
- counterpoise
- (from the article "military technology") In general, the mechanical artillery of medieval times was inferior to that of the Classical world. The one exception was the trebuchet, an engine worked by counterpoise. Counterpoise engines appeared in the 12th century and largely replaced torsion engines by the middle of the 13th. The trebuchet worked something like ...
- counterscarp
- (from the article "military technology") ...the scarp, or main fortress wall, now protected from artillery fire by the glacis, was faced with brick or stone for ease of maintenance; the facing wall on the forward side of the ditch, called the counterscarp, was similarly faced. Next, a level, sunken space behind the glacis, the covered ...
- countershading
- (from the article "concealing coloration") ...identity and location of an animal may be concealed through a coloration pattern that causes visual disruption because the pattern does not coincide with the shape and outline of the animal's body. Countershading is a form of concealing coloration in which the upper surfaces of the body are more darkly ...
- countersubject
- (from the article "fugue") The answer is typically accompanied by counterpoint in another voice; if the same pairing continues throughout the fugue, that contrapuntal voice is labeled a countersubject. The contrapuntal relationship between subject and countersubject in different voices must work equally well regardless of which is above or below; that is, the counterpoint ...
- countertenor
- in music, adult male alto voice, either natural or falsetto. In England the word generally refers to a falsetto alto rather than a high tenor. Some writers reserve the term countertenor for a naturally produced voice, terming the falsetto voice a male alto. [3 Related Articles]
- countervailing duty
- tariff or tax levied to neutralize the unwanted or unintended effects of other duties. When domestic producers are subject to sales taxes or turnover taxes (levied on gross sales), countervailing tariffs are sometimes imposed on imported goods from producers who are not subject to such taxes in their own countries. ...
- counting
- (from the article "animal learning") ...array vary from trial to trial, in order to rule out the possibility that the animal is responding in terms of other features, such as differences in total area or brightness, between the arrays. Counting experiments have been tried on birds more frequently than on any other class of animal, ...
- counting formula
- (from the article "permutations and combinations") The formulas for nPk and nCk are called counting formulas since they can be used to count the number of possible permutations or combinations in a given situation without having to list them all.
- counting rate
- (from the article "radiation measurement") ...counting system. It is assumed that each accepted event is followed by a fixed time period during which any additional true event will be ignored. As a result, the measured number of counts (or the counting rate) is always somewhat below the true value. The discrepancy can become significant at ...
- counting rod
- (from the article "mathematics, East Asian") ...are intended to be performed on a surface, perhaps on the ground. Most probably, as can be inferred from later accounts, on this surface, or counting board, the numbers were represented by counting rods (see the figure) that were used according to a decimal place-value system. Numbers represented by counting ...
- counting-out rhyme
- gibberish formula used by children, usually as a preliminary to games in which one child must be chosen to take the undesirable role designated as "It" in the United States, "It" or "He" in Britain, and "wolf," "devil," or "leper" in some other countries. Among the most popular rhymes are ... [1 Related Articles]
- country dance
- genre of social dance for several couples, the characteristic form of folk and courtly dances of the British Isles. In England after about 1550, the term country dancing referred to a dance of the upper classes; similar dances, usually called traditional, existed contemporaneously among country people and persisted in popular ... [2 Related Articles]
- country furniture
- furniture made by country craftsmen, varying from purely functional pieces made by amateurs to expertly constructed and carved work based on luxurious furniture made for the rich. Much country furniture is naive, with the best of such examples falling into the category of folk art. The furniture is sturdy, rarely ...
- country ham
- (from the article "ham") ...additional flavour, depending upon the ingredients in the cure, the length of time they are applied, etc. Most hams receive a mild cure, giving a mild flavour, and require continuous refrigeration; country hams, not requiring refrigeration after processing, are produced on farms and in some plants having a specialty trade.
- country music
- style of 20th-century American popular music that originated among whites in rural areas of the South and West. The term "country and western music" (later shortened to "country music") was adopted by the recording industry in 1949 to replace the derogatory label "hillbilly music." [20 Related Articles]
- Country Music Association
- (from the article "Nashville 1960s overview") ...Dean, Patsy Cline, and Johnny Horton. Nevertheless, the market for "pure" country was shrinking fast, and by 1961 only about 80 radio stations programmed country music. The newly formed Country Music Association (CMA) recommended the criteria for the kind of music that could be played on country radio, inviting producers ...
- Country Partnership Strategy
- (from the article "Georgia") Georgia's GDP grew by 7.5% during the first six months of the year. In September the World Bank approved a new Country Partnership Strategy with Georgia for 2006-09.
- country rock
- (from the article "igneous rock") ...of the two conditions. (Denudation is the wearing away of the terrestrial surface by processes including weathering and erosion.) Generally, the intrusive rocks have cross-cutting contacts with the country rocks that they have invaded, and in many cases the country rocks show evidence of having been baked and thermally metamorphosed ...
- country rock
- the incorporation of musical elements and songwriting idioms from traditional country music into late 1960s and '70s rock, usually . The style achieved its commercial zenith with the hits of the Eagles, Linda Ronstadt, and many other less consistent performers. Country rock arose from the conviction that the wellspring of ... [10 Related Articles]
- country team
- (from the article "diplomacy") ...of the sea, global warming, and means of preventing or abating pollution. The complexity of diplomatic missions increased accordingly. By the 1960s, for example, U.S. missions had instituted "country teams," including the ambassador and the heads of all attached missions, which met at least once each week to unify policy ...
- Counts, Ira Wilmer, Jr.
- American photographer (b. Aug. 24, 1931, Little Rock, Ark.-d. Oct. 6, 2001, Bloomington, Ind.), was on the staff of the Arkansas Democrat when he took his most famous photos, which captured the turmoil that attended the integration of Little Rock Central High School in 1957. In his best-known image, an ...
- Counts, Ministry of
- (from the article "Belcredi, Richard, Count") statesman of the Austrian Empire who worked for a federal constitution under the Habsburg monarchy, taking the Swiss constitution as his model. His "Ministry of Counts" (July 27, 1865-Feb. 3, 1867) advocated conservative federalism under which the Slavs' historic rights would be recognized instead of subsumed by those of the ...
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