| | - Anubis
- ancient Egyptian god of the dead, represented by a jackal or the figure of a man with the head of a jackal. In the Early Dynastic period and the Old Kingdom, he enjoyed a preeminent (though not exclusive) position as lord of the dead, but he was later overshadowed by ...
- anudatta
- (from the article "South Asian arts") ...were to be preserved accurately. The original Vedic accent occurs as a three-syllable pattern: the central syllable, called udatta, receives the main accent; the preceding syllable, anudatta, is a kind of preparation for the accent; and the following syllable, svarita, is a kind of return from accentuation to accentlessness. There ...
- anulus fibrosus
- (from the article "joint") The symphysis between the bodies of two adjacent vertebrae is called an intervertebral disk. It is composed of two parts: a soft centre (nucleus pulposus) and a tough flexible ring (anulus fibrosus) around it. The centre is a jellylike (mucoid) material containing a few cells derived from the precursor of ...
- anumana
- (Sanskrit: "measuring along some other thing," or "inference"), in Indian philosophy, the second of the five means of knowledge (pramana) that enable man to have accurate cognitions. Inference occupies a central place in the Hindu school of logic (Nyaya). This school worked out a syllogism that has the form of ...
- Anura
- one of the major extant orders of the class Amphibia. It includes the frogs and toads, which, because of their wide distribution, are known by most people around the world. The name frog is commonly applied to those forms with long legs and smooth, mucus-covered skins, toad being used for ... [9 Related Articles]
- Anuradhapura
- Sinhalese kingdom centred at Anuradhapura in Sri Lanka (Ceylon) from about the 3rd century BC to the early 10th century AD. Beginning in the 2nd century BC the kingdom of Anuradhapura was plagued by invasions from South India, which increased in later centuries. The South Indians gained actual control of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Anuradhapura
- city, north-central Sri Lanka. It is situated along the Aruvi Aru River. The old section of Anuradhapura, now preserved as an archaeological park and designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1982, is the best known of Sri Lanka's ancient ruined cities; in the immediate vicinity are huge bell-shaped dagobas ... [2 Related Articles]
- Anuruddha
- (from the article "Abhidhammattha-sangaha") ...of the Theravada tradition. The Abhidhammattha-sangaha was composed in India or in Myanmar (Burma), the chief centre for Abhidhamma studies. Written in Pali by the monk Anuruddha, it dates from no earlier than the 8th century and probably from the 11th or 12th.
- anus
- terminal opening of the anal canal, the portion of the digestive tract through which fecal material is excreted. See also rectum. [6 Related Articles]
- Anustegin Gharacha'i
- (from the article "Khwarezm-Shah Dynasty") The founder of the dynasty was Anustegin Gharacha'i, a slave who was appointed governor of Khwarezm (q.v.) about 1077 by the Seljuq ruler Malik-Shah. Anustegin's descendants governed Khwarezm on behalf of the Seljuqs. In 1141, with the defeat of the Seljuq sultan Sanjar by the Karakitai (Qara Khitay) confederation of...role ...
- Anuszkiewicz, Richard
- American painter, among the originators of Op art, a style of painting concerned with visual sensation and the effect of optical illusion.
- Anuttarayoga-tantra
- (from the article "Buddhism") ...are described in four different groups of tantras (the Kriya-tantra, Carya-tantra, Yoga-tantra, and Anuttarayoga-tantra) that are compared with the fourfold phases of courtship (the exchange of glances, a pleasing or encouraging smile, the holding of hands, and consummation ...
- anuvadi
- (from the article "South Asian arts") ...sound"; samvadi, to the Western consonant (concordant; reposeful); vivahi, to dissonant (discordant; lacking repose); and anuvahi, to assonant (neither consonant nor dissonant). As in the ancient Greek Pythagorean system, which influenced Western music, only fourths and fifths (intervals of four...
- anuvrata
- (from the article "ahimsa") In Jainism, ahimsa is the standard by which all actions are judged. For a householder observing the small vows (anuvrata), the practice of ahimsa requires that he not kill any animal life, but for an ascetic observing the great vows (mahavrata), ahimsa entails the greatest care to prevent him from ...
- Anuy River
- (from the article "Ob River") ...Mountains: the former in Lake Telets, the latter to the south among the glaciers of Mount Belukha. From their junction near Biysk the upper Ob at first flows westward, receiving the Peschanaya, Anuy, and Charysh rivers from the left; in this reach, the river has low banks of alluvium, a ...
- Anuyoga
- (from the article "Buddhism") ...the self with the god, and meditation on the mandala; Mahayoga, which involves meditation on the factors of human consciousness (skandhas) as divine forms; Anuyoga, which involves secret initiation into the presence of the god and his consort and meditation on "voidness" in order to destroy the ...
- Anvari
- poet considered one of the greatest panegyrists of Persian literature. He wrote with great technical skill, erudition, and a strong satirical wit. [2 Related Articles]
- Anvelt, Jaan
- (from the article "Estonia") ...On Nov. 28, 1917, the Estonian Diet decided to break away from the Russian state, but on December 8 the Russian Council of People's Commissars appointed a puppet communist government headed by Jaan Anvelt, who seized power in Tallinn but never obtained control of the whole country. In February 1918, ...
- anvil
- iron block on which metal is placed to be shaped, originally by hand with a hammer. The blacksmith's anvil is usually of wrought iron, but sometimes of cast iron, with a smooth working surface of hardened steel. A projecting conical beak, or horn, at one end is used for hammering ... [4 Related Articles]
- anvil method
- (from the article "flake tool") ...may be done either by striking a block of flint with a hammer of stone, wood, or bone held in the hand or by striking the block itself on the edge of a fixed stone; the latter method is called the anvil method. The use of a wooden billet or ...
- Anville, Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d'
- French geographer and cartographer who greatly improved the standards of map-making. [1 Related Articles]
- Anwar Chairil
- (from the article "Indonesian literatures") ...of 1945, a new generation of fervently nationalistic and idealistic young writers who professed a universal humanism came to the forefront. Their inspiration and leader was the great poet Chairil Anwar, who died in 1949 at the age of 27. The most prominent writer to emerge at this time was ...
- Anwarul, Haq
- Pakistani jurist who, as chief justice of the Pakistan Supreme Court, cast the deciding vote upholding former prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's death sentence for conspiracy to murder (b. May 11, 1917--d. March 3, 1995).
- anxiety
- a feeling of dread, fear, or apprehension, often with no clear justification. Anxiety is distinguished from fear because the latter arises in response to a clear and actual danger, such as one affecting a person's physical safety. Anxiety, by contrast, arises in response to apparently innocuous situations or is the ... [9 Related Articles]
- anxiety disorder
- (from the article "mental disorder") Anxiety has been defined as a feeling of fear, dread, or apprehension that arises without a clear or appropriate justification. It thus differs from true fear, which is experienced in response to an actual threat or danger. Anxiety may arise in response to apparently innocuous situations or may be out ...
- Anya Nya
- (from the article "Sudan, history of the") ...and others over the border. In September 1963 rebellion erupted in eastern Al-Istiwa'iyyah (Equatoria) and in the A'ali al-Nil (Upper Nile) province, led by the Anya Nya, a southern Sudanese guerrilla organization that believed that only violent resistance would make the government of General 'Abbud seek a solution acceptable to ...
- Anyang
- city, northern Henan sheng (province), northeast-central China, on the Anyang River, a tributary of the Wei River. It was important in history as the site of the ancient city of Yin, the capital of the Shang dynasty (1600-1046 BCE) from the 14th century BCE; the Shang palace ... [4 Related Articles]
- Anyang
- city, Kyonggi do (province), northwestern South Korea, 19 mi (31 km) southwest of Seoul. Given the status of a municipality in 1973, it has become the largest industrial satellite of Seoul. Industries include brewing and the manufacture of textiles, pottery, paper, and bricks. The country's largest motion-picture studio is located ...
- Anyathian complex
- (from the article "Myanmar") ...Myanmar appeared in the central plain some 11,000 years ago. Little is known of these people except that they were a Paleolithic culture, using stone and fossilized-wood tools that have been labeled Anyathian, from Anyatha (another term for Upper Burma). A discovery in 1969, by workers from the government's Department ...
- Anyi
- African people who inhabit the tropical forest of eastern Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana and speak a language of the Kwa branch of the Niger-Congo language family. About the middle of the 18th century most of the Anyi were expelled from Ghana by the Asante and migrated westward.
- Anyte
- Greek poet of the Peloponnesus who was so highly esteemed in antiquity that in the well-known Stephanos ("Garland"), a collection compiled by Meleager (early 1st century), the "lilies of Anyte" are the first poems to be entwined in the "wreath of poets." Anyte's fame persisted, and Antipater of Thessalonica, writing ...
- Anytus
- (from the article "Plato") ...can be taught. But it is further interesting for two reasons: it states clearly the doctrine that knowledge is "recollection"; and it introduces as a character the democratic politician Anytus, the main author of the prosecution of Socrates.role in Socrates' trial
- Anywa
- a Luo-speaking riverine people two-thirds of whom live in southeastern Sudan, the remainder in Ethiopia. The Anywa are believed to have migrated from lands east of the African Great Lakes several centuries ago. They number about 100,000, and their language is classified as Nilo-Saharan. [1 Related Articles]
- Anza-Borrego Desert State Park
- large desert recreational area in southern California, U.S., lying east of San Diego, south of Palm Springs, and west of the Salton Sea. Encompassing more than 935 square miles (2,420 square km) of the Colorado Desert, it is the largest state park in the 48 contiguous states. Its name is ...
- ANZAC
- combined corps that served with distinction in World War I during the ill-fated 1915 Gallipoli Campaign, an attempt to capture the Dardanelles from Turkey. [3 Related Articles]
- Anzac Cove
- (from the article "World War I") Against resolute opposition from the local Turkish commander (Mustafa Kemal, the future Ataturk), Australian and New Zealand troops won a bridgehead at "Anzac Cove," north of Kaba Tepe, on the Aegean side of the peninsula, with some 20,000 men landing in the first two days. The British, meanwhile, tried to ...
- ANZAC Day
- in Australia and New Zealand, holiday (April 25) that commemorates the landing in 1915, during World War I, of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) on the Gallipoli Peninsula. The Allies attempted to take control of the strategic Dardanelles from Turkey, allied with the Central Powers, in the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Anzali, Bandar-e
- principal port and resort, northern Iran, on the Caspian Sea, connected with Mazandaran, Azerbaijan, and Tehran by road. The population includes Russians, Armenians, Caucasians, and Turkmens.
- Anzanite dynasty
- (from the article "Iran, ancient") After two centuries for which sources reveal nothing, the Middle Elamite period opened with the rise to power of the Anzanite dynasty, whose homeland probably lay in the mountains northeast of modern Khuzestan. Political expansion under Khumbannumena (c. 1285-c. 1266 BC), the fourth king of this line, proceeded apace, and ...
- Anzengruber, Ludwig
- Austrian playwright and novelist who won acclaim for his realistic plays of peasant life.
- Anzhero-Sudzhensk
- city, Kemerovo oblast (province), Russia, on the Trans-Siberian Railroad at the northern limit of the Kuznetsk Coal Basin. Coal mining, begun early in the 20th century, expanded rapidly after 1928, when the townships of Anzherka and Sudzhenka were amalgamated, to be given city status in 1931. Other industries produce pharmaceutical ...
- Anziku, Kingdom of
- historic African state on and north of the Congo River in the vicinity of Malebo Pool. The Teke people lived on the plateaus of the region from early times. It is not known when they organized as a kingdom, but by 1600 their state was a rival of the Kongo ...
- Anzilotti, Dionisio
- Italian jurist who was one of the main founders of the so-called positive school of international law, a legal philosophy advocating a sharp distinction between the legal and the political and moral aspects of international relations.
- Anzio
- town, Roma province, Lazio (Latium) region, Italy, on a peninsula jutting into the Tyrrhenian Sea. Of uncertain origin, it was founded, according to legend, by Anteias, son of the Greek chieftain Odysseus, and the enchantress Circe. It was a stronghold of the Volsci, an ancient people prominent in the 5th ... [1 Related Articles]
- Anzoategui
- estado (state), northeastern Venezuela. It is bounded north by the Caribbean Sea, east by Monagas state, south by the Orinoco River, and west by Guarico state. Most of Anzoategui's area lies in the Llanos (plains). The coastal range tapers off to form the Barcelona Gap near the state capital, Barcelona, ...
- Anzurez, Pedro de
- (from the article "Sucre") ...(La Paz is the country's administrative capital.) Sucre lies in a fertile valley crossed by the Cachimayo River 9,153 feet (2,790 metres) above sea level. It was founded in 1539 by the conquistador Pedro de Anzurez on the site of a Charcas Indian village and has been variously called La ...
- ANZUS Pact
- security treaty between Australia, New Zealand, and the United States that was signed in San Francisco, Calif., on Sept. 1, 1951, for the purpose of providing mutual aid in the event of aggression and for settling disputes by peaceful means. It came into force in 1952. The three countries' initials ... [7 Related Articles]
- Ao
- (from the article "Zhengzhou") ...on a walled city. Outside this city, in addition to remains of large public buildings, a complex of small settlements has been discovered. The site is generally identified with the Shang capital of Ao. The Shang, who continually moved their capital, left Ao, perhaps in the 13th century BCE. The ...
- ao dai
- (from the article "Vietnam") ...shirts or blouses. On formal occasions and in urban areas, Western-style clothing is common, including skirts and blouses for women. Women still sometimes wear a form of the traditional ao dai, a long, slit tunic worn over pants.
- Aoba
- volcanic island of Vanuatu, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, 30 miles (50 km) east of Espiritu Santo. With an area of 154 square miles (399 square km), the island is dominated by Manaro, a 4,907-foot (1,496-metre) volcanic peak with three lakes in its caldera. Aoba's landscape inspired James Michener (who ...
- aoidos
- (from the article "epic") ...BC) and maintained itself through the "Dark Age" to reach a climax in the Homeric poems by the close of the Geometric period (900-750 BC). After Homer, the activity of the aoidoi, who sang their own epic songs at the courts of the nobility, slowly declined. During the first half ...
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